Chinese (Simplified) terms

Portable term table, snapshot of 04 October 2026, generated from the core translation memory localization/zh-core.tmx of the FontLab writing guide by tools/scripts/export_terms.py. 54 of 289 terms are approved or protected; a proposed translation is a candidate for a native reviewer, and the English term is the fallback until it is approved. Use newer supplied project data when it disagrees with this snapshot.

A status of do-not-translate protects the English spelling; it does not approve a draft English name. The definition says what the term means in FontLab; the note says why the translation was chosen or how to inflect it. The fallback original term is a plain English phrase to translate instead of the term when the term itself will not travel (stem: main stroke; overshoot: optical surplus).

Names

English	Fallback	Chinese (Simplified)	Status	Note	Definition
Adobe Illustrator		Adobe Illustrator	do-not-translate		Adobe Illustrator is the host application for the Vexy Illustrator plug-ins. Use the full name on first mention, then Illustrator. Vexy Lines and Vexy Playlines are separate applications; do not describe them as Illustrator plug-ins.
app.fontographer.net		app.fontographer.net	do-not-translate		app.fontographer.net is the address of the browser edition of Fontographer. Preserve the lowercase domain when naming the destination. Use Fontographer when referring to the application itself.
FLUM		FLUM	do-not-translate		FLUM is an internal documentation-project name, not a customer-facing product or feature. Omit it from published instructions. Refer to the relevant product documentation when directing a reader to help.
FontLab		FontLab	do-not-translate		FontLab is the name of the desktop font editor. Preserve its capital F and L in headings and prose. Fontlab Ltd. names the company; the lowercase fontlab spelling belongs to identifiers such as the Python module and website domains.
fontlab (Python module)		fontlab (Python module)	do-not-translate		The fontlab Python module exposes FontLab scripting functionality. Its name is lowercase and case sensitive. Format it as code in prose, and keep the application name FontLab distinct from the module name in examples.
FontLab 8		FontLab 8	do-not-translate		FontLab 8 names version 8 of the desktop font editor. Put one space before the version number. After establishing the version, use FontLab alone where no other version could be meant. Retain the number in compatibility statements and version-specific instructions.
FontLab 9		FontLab 9	do-not-translate		FontLab 9 is a versioned product name whose house usage remains draft. Its appearance in an interface or format description does not establish release availability. Confirm the version and intended audience before using it in new prose; preserve it when quoting an exact label.
Fontlab Ltd.		Fontlab Ltd.	do-not-translate		Fontlab Ltd. is the company name. Preserve the lowercase l in Fontlab and the period after Ltd. Use FontLab, with a capital L, for the product. The two spellings identify different entities and must not be normalized into one.
FontLab Pass		FontLab Pass	do-not-translate		FontLab Pass is the identity and licensing service at pass.fontlab.com. Use the complete service name when explaining account or licence management. Distinguish the service from the FontLab account used to sign in.
FontLab Studio 5		FontLab Studio 5	do-not-translate		FontLab Studio 5 is a historical version of the font editor. Use the full name in migration instructions, historical descriptions and compatibility statements. Do not shorten it to Studio or use it as the name of another FontLab version.
fontlab.com		fontlab.com	do-not-translate		fontlab.com is the main FontLab website address. Preserve the lowercase domain. Link to the relevant page when a reader needs a particular product, download or instruction, rather than sending every task to the home page.
Fontographer		Fontographer	do-not-translate		Fontographer names a font editor. For its browser edition, use app.fontographer.net as the address. Distinguish a historical numbered edition when compatibility or migration depends on it. Preserve Fontographer.net only where it belongs to an exact project or command label.
Fontographer.net		Fontographer.net	do-not-translate		Fontographer.net occurs in project and command labels. Preserve it when quoting an interface label that uses this spelling. Use Fontographer for the application in ordinary prose and app.fontographer.net for its browser address. Broader house usage of Fontographer.net remains draft.
forum.fontlab.com		forum.fontlab.com	do-not-translate		forum.fontlab.com is the FontLab user-forum address. Use it for a relevant discussion or community question, and identify the destination. A documentation link is preferable when the reader needs an established procedure rather than a discussion.
GlyphRef		GlyphRef	do-not-translate		GlyphRef is the class used to reference a Fontographer glyph through its scripting interface. Preserve the capital G and R and format the name as code. Keep the API identifier separate from the ordinary word glyph.
help.fontlab.com		help.fontlab.com	do-not-translate		help.fontlab.com is a FontLab documentation address. Preserve its lowercase spelling and identify the product or article when linking to it. Use a specific documentation page when the reader needs a particular procedure or reference.
help.vexy.art		help.vexy.art	do-not-translate		help.vexy.art is the Vexy documentation address. Name the relevant product when linking to it, since the Vexy products share vocabulary but differ in features and workflows. Preserve the lowercase domain.
pass.fontlab.com		pass.fontlab.com	do-not-translate		pass.fontlab.com is the address for FontLab account and licence management. Use the domain when naming the destination and FontLab Pass when naming the service. Explain the action the reader can perform there.
Photofont		Photofont	do-not-translate		Photofont is a protected Fontlab Ltd. name, written as one word with a capital P. Preserve this spelling in a notice or reference. Confirm the relevant product and version before adding a claim about functionality.
playlines.vexy.art		playlines.vexy.art	do-not-translate		playlines.vexy.art is the address of Vexy Playlines, the browser application. Preserve the lowercase domain. Use the product name for the application and the address for the destination the reader opens.
Strokes Maker		Strokes Maker	do-not-translate		Strokes Maker is a former name of Vexy Lines. Use Vexy Lines for the current product and retain Strokes Maker when identifying a historical release or explaining the name change. Do not rename an old interface label inside a quotation.
studio.fontlab.com		studio.fontlab.com	do-not-translate		studio.fontlab.com is an unconfirmed service address in the naming register. Keep it draft and do not direct readers there without confirmation of the destination and its availability. A recorded spelling does not establish that a service exists.
TransType 5		TransType 5	do-not-translate		TransType 5 names version 5 of the font conversion application. Keep TransType as one word with capital T in both parts, followed by one space and the version. Use TransType after establishing the version; declare TrT before using it as a short form.
TypeTool		TypeTool	do-not-translate		TypeTool is a protected Fontlab Ltd. product name, written as one word with two capital Ts. Preserve that spelling when naming the product or quoting a notice. Confirm the relevant version before describing its features or compatibility.
Vexy		Vexy	do-not-translate		Vexy is the family prefix in Vexy Lines, Vexy Linestra, Vexy Playlines and Vexy Vextra. It is not a standalone application name. Identify the product when describing an operation; retain Vexy alone when it is the exact name of an interface category.
Vexy Lines		Vexy Lines	do-not-translate		Vexy Lines is the standalone desktop application for converting a bitmap into vector artwork through algorithmic fills. Keep the full two-word name. Distinguish it from Vexy Playlines, the browser application, and from the Vexy Illustrator plug-ins. Its native project format is .lines.
Vexy Linestra		Vexy Linestra	do-not-translate		Vexy Linestra is the Adobe Illustrator plug-in for parametric line fills. Use the two-word product name in prose. Preserve the closed spelling VexyLinestra in an exact filename such as VexyLinestra.aip; a filename spelling does not replace the product name.
Vexy Playlines		Vexy Playlines	do-not-translate		Vexy Playlines is the browser application for converting images into vector artwork at playlines.vexy.art. Use the full name in titles and on first mention, then Playlines where unambiguous. Keep it distinct from Vexy Lines, the desktop application.
Vexy Vextra		Vexy Vextra	do-not-translate		Vexy Vextra is the Adobe Illustrator plug-in for contour editing. Use the full name in a title and on first mention; Vextra is the declared short form. Preserve VexyVextra in an exact filename such as VexyVextra.aip.

Type design

English	Fallback	Chinese (Simplified)	Status	Note	Definition
ascender	upward extension	上升部	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN both use 上升部, pairing with 下降部; 上伸部 (Words of Type (zh), Detail in Typography zh-TW) and 升部 (Just My Type zh) rejected.	An ascender is the part of a lowercase letter that extends above the x-height, as in b or d. Ascender height describes the intended alignment of these parts and may differ from cap height. Do not confuse this design measurement with similarly named vertical metrics in exported font tables. Line spacing depends on those fields and on the application using them.
baseline	writing line	基线	proposed	Universal: Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Adobe, Apple, Counterpunch (zh).	A baseline is a reference line used to align text. In conventional horizontal Latin font design, the baseline is at y = 0, with ascenders above it and descenders below it. Other scripts and layout systems can use different baseline conventions. Identify the relevant baseline when discussing alignment across scripts or vertical text.
bowl	round belly	字碗	proposed	Just My Type (zh), Cómo crear tipografías (zh) and Words of Type (zh) all use 字碗; Apple's shape name 碗 is the wrong sense.	A bowl is a rounded stroke that encloses a counter, as in b, d or p. Its shape, thickness and junctions affect the letter's balance. The appropriate number of curve segments depends on the design. Nodes at extrema can help editing and hinting, but a fixed segment count does not guarantee compatible masters or good interpolation.
cap height	capital-letter height	大写字高	proposed	Words of Type (zh) uses 大写字高, which pairs with x 字高 and fits compact Measurements labels; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and InDesign have the longer 大写字母高度.	Cap height is the distance from the baseline to the top of a flat capital such as H. Rounded or pointed capitals may extend beyond it through overshoot. Record the intended value in Font Info. Cap height describes a design measurement; alignment zones and line-spacing metrics are separate settings, even when their values are related.
character		字符	proposed	Universal (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Adobe, Apple, GB standards); kept distinct from 字形.	A character is an abstract unit of written text, such as a letter or punctuation mark. A glyph is its visual representation. The relationship is not one to one: several characters can form a ligature, and a character can have several glyph forms. A user-perceived character can also consist of several Unicode codepoints. Keep characters, codepoints and glyphs distinct when discussing encoding or text processing.
contour		轮廓	proposed	FontForge zh_CN (轮廓, 轮廓线) and Counterpunch (zh) use 轮廓; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans says 路径 (path), which stays available for Illustrator paths. Shares the word with outline, as German and French do.	A contour is an open or closed sequence of connected line and curve segments. Its nodes and control points describe its geometry. One glyph or vector object can contain several contours. A counter is an area of space, not a synonym for a contour. When explaining fill behaviour, identify the outline format and fill rule before prescribing a contour direction.
counter	enclosed white space	字腔	proposed	Counterpunch (zh), FontForge zh_CN and Words of Type (zh) use 字腔; 字怀 (Just My Type zh, The Type) is the main rival, and 计数器 is the office-suite sense.	A counter is the enclosed or partly enclosed space within a letterform, such as the enclosed space in an o or the open space in a c. The surrounding strokes define it. A closed counter may have an inner contour as its boundary; an open counter does not require a separate contour. Judge its size and shape together with the surrounding strokes.
descender	downward extension	下降部	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, FontForge zh_CN and Words of Type (zh) use 下降部; 降部 (Just My Type zh) and 下伸部 (Detail in Typography zh-TW) rejected.	A descender is the part of a letter that extends below the baseline, as in p or y. Its design height is usually recorded as a negative coordinate relative to the baseline. Exported descender metrics are separate fields used by applications for layout. Whether a deep glyph clips depends on the relevant metrics, application and text container, not on one design value alone.
diacritical mark	combining mark	变音符	proposed	Words of Type (zh) and Apple CoreText use 变音符; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans has 变音标符. 读音符号 (Cómo crear tipografías zh) rejected.	A diacritical mark is a small sign, such as an acute or a cedilla, that attaches to a base letter to form another character. FontLab builds accented glyphs from a base and a mark through anchors, and the GDEF mark class tells the shaper which glyphs are marks. Say mark glyph for the class member and diacritical mark for the sign.
em	type body	字身框	proposed	Words of Type (zh) and CJK foundry practice call the design square 字身框, and Counterpunch (zh) uses 字身 for the body; 全身 (letterpress, Felici zh) and untranslated em (CSS usage) rejected.	The em is the square on which a typeface is designed, historically the body of the letter M in metal type. Its height equals the type size, so an em in 12 point text is 12 points. In a digital font the em is divided into UPM font units.
extremum	local extreme point	极值点	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans (添加极值点), FontForge zh_CN and Words of Type (zh) use 极值点.	An extremum is a point where a curve reaches a local leftmost, rightmost, topmost or bottommost position. The plural is extrema. Placing nodes at extrema can help editing and hinting. If you add nodes to masters intended for interpolation, preserve the correspondence between their contours and points. Different extremum positions alone do not make masters incompatible.
glyph		字形	proposed	GB national standards, FontForge zh_CN, Adobe, Apple and Microsoft use 字形; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) prefer 字符形, which Words of Type itself notes is not the mainland standard term.	A glyph is one drawn shape in a font: a letter, a figure, a mark, or a piece of a composite. A character is what a reader types and a glyph is what a renderer draws, and one character can map to several glyphs while several characters can map to one. You edit a glyph in the Glyph window, where its contours, elements, anchors, and metrics all live together. The distinction matters in any sentence about encoding, since a font maps codepoints to glyphs through the cmap table.
handle		手柄	proposed	Words of Type (zh) and Adobe Illustrator use 手柄; 控制柄 (Inkscape, Blender) and 句柄 (programming) rejected.	A handle is an off-curve control point used to shape a curve segment. A cubic Bézier segment has two control points; a quadratic segment has one. Moving a handle changes the curve without moving its endpoints. In tools that display handle arms, the arm connects a control point to an endpoint. Name the curve type when the number or behaviour of handles matters.
ink trap	ink relief notch	油墨槽	proposed	Words of Type (zh) uses 油墨槽; the literal 油墨陷阱 and Felici's 油墨孔 rejected.	An ink trap is a notch cut into a corner where strokes meet, so ink spread or rasterization at small sizes does not clog the join. FontLab makes them as a live Smart Corner variant.
italic angle	slant angle	斜体角度	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 斜体角度; FontForge zh_CN's 倾斜角 rejected because slant is a separate operation.	The italic angle is the slope of the upright strokes of an italic or oblique design, measured from the vertical in degrees. FontLab stores it in Font Info, uses it to slant guides and the cursor, and writes it into the post and hhea tables. It is a property of the design, not of a transformation.
lining figures	capital-height figures	等高数字	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Words of Type (zh) and Detail in Typography (zh) use 等高数字; InDesign's 全高数字 and Apple's 现代数字体 rejected.	Lining figures are digits that share the cap height and sit on the baseline, so they align with capitals in tables and headlines. The lnum feature selects them where a font defaults to oldstyle figures.
node		节点	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) use 节点.	A node is a point on a contour where segments meet, and its type decides how they meet. A sharp node lets two segments arrive at any angle. A smooth node keeps the handles collinear so the curve passes through without a kink. A tangent node joins a line to a curve smoothly. A G2 node matches curvature as well as direction. You select a node and drag it, or nudge it, and the segments on both sides follow. Put nodes at the extremes so hinting and interpolation have something to hold.
overshoot	optical surplus	溢出补偿	proposed	Shortened from 视错觉溢出补偿 in the Chinese Glyphs sketching tutorial; 视觉修正 (Glyphs hinting tutorial, Words of Type (zh)) names optical correction in general, and Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's parameter word 出框 and the engineering 过冲 are rejected. The Type leaves overshoot in English.	Overshoot is the extension of a rounded or pointed shape beyond an alignment line so that it appears as tall as a flat shape. For example, an o may extend above the x-height and below the baseline. Its amount depends on the design and intended size. PostScript alignment zones can describe these overshoot regions for hinting; there is no universal percentage to apply.
proportional figures	natural-width figures	比例宽数字	proposed	Words of Type (zh) gives 比例宽数字 beside 正比数字 and Glyphs 3 zh-Hans has 比例字宽; InDesign's 变宽数字 rejected.	Proportional figures have individual advance widths, so a 1 takes less room than an 8. They read well in running text; tabular figures share one width for columns. The pnum feature selects them.
segment		线段	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Blender and Inkscape use 线段.	A segment is the portion of a contour between two on-curve endpoints. It may be a straight line or a curve. A quadratic Bézier segment has one off-curve control point; a cubic segment has two. Describe the segment type and the relevant editing command rather than assuming that every curve has two handles or that changing a node type performs every conversion.
serif		衬线	proposed	Universal (Counterpunch zh, Words of Type zh, FounderType, The Type).	A serif is the finishing stroke at the end of a stem or arm. Its shape sorts a face into the familiar classes: oldstyle, transitional, Didone, slab. You draw a serif once and reuse it as a component or an element, which keeps a family consistent and makes a late change cheap. Serifs are small, so they take the most damage at low resolution, which is where hinting and careful alignment zones earn their place.
sharp		尖角	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans (转为尖角) and Illustrator use 尖角 for a pointed corner; 锐利 and 锐化 are image-sharpening words.	Sharp describes a pointed corner or a node at which contour direction can change abruptly. Image sharpening is a different operation.
sharp node		尖角节点	proposed	Built from 尖角 (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans 转为尖角) and 节点; FontForge zh_CN's 角点 and 拐点 rejected as inconsistent.	A sharp node joins contour segments without requiring a smooth change of direction. The handles of adjacent segments need not be collinear; a smooth node constrains their direction.
stem	main stroke	字干	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, FontForge zh_CN, Counterpunch (zh) and Words of Type (zh) use 字干.	A stem is a main stroke of a letter, usually the vertical one: the two uprights of an H, the single upright of an l. Stem width sets the weight of a face, and stems that disagree across a family break its rhythm. You measure a stem with the Measurement tool and record the standard widths in Font Info, where hinting and the stem links read them. Vextra reuses the word for the paired edges it detects in general artwork, not only in letters.
swash	flourish	花饰字	proposed	Adobe and Apple use 花饰字; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 花笔 and Felici's 花体字 rejected.	A swash is a decorative flourish that extends a letter, often on a capital or a terminal. Swash alternates live in the swsh feature and in glyphs with a swash suffix.
terminal	stroke ending	末端	proposed	Words of Type (zh) uses 末端 for a stroke terminal; the full form is 笔画末端, and 终端 is the computer terminal.	A terminal is the end of a stroke without a serif, such as the ending of a c or f. Its shape may be rounded, angled or cut off, depending on the design. Compare related terminals across a typeface at the intended reading size. The anatomical term does not prescribe how to construct or store the shape in an editor.
UPM	units per type body	UPM	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans keeps the acronym (UPM 值), as Chinese foundries do; spelled out as 每字身框单位数 in prose. Keep numeric controls compact: LSB/RSB (French AG/AD), UPM and PPM. Expanded terms belong in explanatory help; the full Family Dimensions Units Per eM label is an intentional exception. Team UI convention in Proteus 1751b28b0.	UPM, units per em, specifies how many font units make up one em. It sets the scale for outline coordinates and metrics when a renderer converts them to a text size. Values such as 1000 and 2048 are common; TrueType outlines do not require a power of two. When changing UPM, distinguish changing the scale value from rescaling the outlines and metrics.
winding direction	drawing direction	轮廓方向	proposed	Fallback drawing direction translated with 轮廓; Words of Type (zh) and Glyphs say 路径方向.	Winding direction is the order in which a contour runs, clockwise or counter-clockwise, and it decides which areas the renderer fills. FontLab follows the PostScript convention: outer contours wind counter-clockwise and counters wind clockwise. The letter O is two contours, one each way. You check direction before you export, and reverse a contour when a counter fills solid or an outer shape turns hollow. A renderer applies the rule at draw time, so the error shows in the proof rather than in the editor.
x-height	small-letter height	x 字高	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) use x 字高; FontForge zh_CN's X 高度 rejected.	The x-height is the height of a lowercase x above the baseline, and it stands for the height of the lowercase in general. It does more for apparent size than the point size does: two faces at the same size look different when their x-heights differ. You record it in Font Info so hinting and alignment zones can use it, and you draw round letters slightly above it to allow for overshoot. Write it lowercase with a hyphen, even at the start of a sentence recast to avoid one.

Font engineering

English	Fallback	Chinese (Simplified)	Status	Note	Definition
advance height		竖排字高	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans renders Vertical Width as 竖排字高, the vertical counterpart of 字宽; FontForge's 垂直步进 rejected as engineering jargon.	The distance the text position advances vertically after a glyph. It is the vertical counterpart of advance width, not the height of the visible outline.
advance width	glyph box width	字宽	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 字宽 for the glyph's advance (设定字宽, 左边距+字宽) and W3C clreq uses 字宽 for the character advance; FontForge's 步进宽度/前导宽度 rejected as longer and inconsistent.	Advance width is the horizontal distance allocated to a glyph before layout adjustments, measured in font units. In an OpenType font, the base values are stored in the hmtx table. Kerning and other positioning operations can adjust advances during layout without rewriting those base values. Advance width differs from the visible outline width; a space can have an advance without an outline.
alignment zone	height band for snapping	对齐区域	proposed	FontForge zh_CN and the Chinese Glyphs hinting tutorial use 对齐区域; the Glyphs UI form 渲染对齐区 adds a word the English lacks.	An alignment zone is a region around a common vertical alignment, such as the baseline or cap height, used in PostScript hinting. It can include the overshoot of rounded letters. A rasterizer uses zone information when fitting outlines to a pixel grid. Keep this mechanism distinct from design measurements and from the control-value and instruction mechanisms used in TrueType hinting.
anchor	attachment point	锚点	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, FontForge zh_CN and Words of Type (zh) all use 锚点.	An anchor is a named attachment point in a glyph that says where a mark belongs. A base letter carries a top anchor, and the accent carries a matching one, so the accent lands in the same relation on every letter that uses it. You place anchors in the Anchors and Pins panel, and FontLab uses them both to build composites and to generate mark attachment lookups in GPOS, which is what positions marks in text the font never composed itself.
anti-aliasing	edge smoothing	抗锯齿	proposed	Standard term in FontForge zh_CN, Blender and Krita; Felici's Chinese edition 轮廓修整 is not in use.	Anti-aliasing paints partly covered pixels in intermediate shades so a rendered outline looks smooth. FontLab's preview can show anti-aliased, monochrome or subpixel rendering so you can check how hints behave under each. Write the hyphenated form.
autohinting	automatic screen fitting	自动渲染提示	proposed	Same word family as the command (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans PostScript 自动渲染提示); Chinese does not mark the process separately from the command.	Autohinting generates hints for a font from its outlines and its declared stems and zones, in one pass over the glyphs. It is a starting point rather than a finish: it hints the regular cases well and leaves the awkward glyphs for you. You run it after the alignment zones and standard stem widths are correct in Font Info, because it reads them. Then you check the glyphs that matter at text sizes and correct by hand what the pass got wrong.
axis		轴	proposed	Adobe, FontForge zh_CN and Words of Type (zh) (可变轴, 字重轴) use 轴; the Glyphs form 参数轴 adds a word the English lacks.	An axis is one dimension of font variation, such as weight, width or optical size. In an OpenType variable font, each axis has a four-character tag and a minimum, default and maximum value. Registered tags, such as wght, have defined meanings. Preserve tag spelling and case, and check the axis registry when assigning a custom tag.
axis map	axis value mapping	轴映射	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans has 参数轴映射 for Axis Mappings; shortened to match the chosen 轴.	An axis map converts user coordinates on an axis, such as weight 400, to the design coordinates of the masters. It is stored in the avar table and lets a slider feel even when masters are not.
bottom sidebearing		下边距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 下边距 for BSB (更新下边距); derived from 边距.	The space below the glyph outline within its vertical advance. This value participates in vertical text spacing rather than horizontal spacing.
component		部件	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) use 部件, which Chinese type designers also use for the parts of a Hanzi; FontForge zh_CN's 组件 is the general software word.	A component is a reference to another glyph placed inside this one, so that aacute holds the a and the acute rather than copies of their outlines. Change the source glyph and every glyph that references it follows. You build composites from components, position them with anchors, and keep them as references through to export, where a TrueType flavoured font stores them in the glyf table. In FontLab a component is one kind of element reference.
composite glyph	assembled glyph	复合字形	proposed	FontForge zh_CN uses 复合字形 for a TrueType composite and Glyphs 3 zh-Hans files such glyphs under 复合; 组合字形 rejected.	A composite glyph is built from references to other glyphs rather than from its own outlines: an accented letter, a currency symbol with a bar, a stacked fraction. You assemble it from components and anchor them to the base, so a change to the base or to the mark reaches every composite that uses it. Composites keep a large accented character set consistent and small. A composite that has been decomposed is no longer one, and no longer follows its sources.
conversion profile	export settings set	转换配置	proposed	No attestation; fallback translated. 配置 is the short form of 配置文件, the Microsoft and Adobe word for a profile.	A conversion profile is the saved set of choices TransType applies to a conversion: the output format, the naming scheme, the filters, and the options that go with them. You build a profile once for a job you repeat, then run it over a new set of sources without repeating the decisions. It matters because a family converted with two different sets of options ships as two families that do not quite match, which shows up in a font menu rather than in a test.
CVT table		CVT 表	proposed	Tag protected, noun translated; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans has cvt 参数表 and FontForge zh_CN 控制值表, shortened to the plain 表 used for every font table.	The CVT table holds the control values that TrueType hinting instructions refer to: the stem widths, heights, and other measurements a font wants held constant across glyphs. An instruction cites a CVT entry rather than a raw number, so one change to the table reaches every glyph that cites it. You work with it through the TrueType Hinting panel. It ships in the font, alongside the instructions themselves and the prep and fpgm programs that set the machine up.
design space	variation range	设计空间	proposed	Words of Type (zh) uses 设计空间 in its variable-font entries; literal and transparent.	A design space describes the positions defined by a font project's variation axes. Masters provide source data at specified locations; instances represent results at selected locations. User coordinates and internal design coordinates may be connected by a mapping, or may have the same values. State which coordinate system a number belongs to when the distinction affects a procedure.
device correction	per-size pixel correction	设备修正	proposed	No fixed term; FontForge zh_CN speaks of 设备表 and 修正值, combined here.	A device correction adjusts a kerning or positioning value by whole pixels at one pixel size, to fix rounding at that size only. Stored in GPOS device tables; rarely needed on modern rasterizers.
dimensions		尺寸	proposed	Plain word for the set of vertical values; kept apart from 量度 (metrics) and 测量 (measurements).	The font or family vertical values, such as ascender, descender, capital height, x-height and line gap. Distinguish these values from glyph spacing and canvas measurements.
element		元素	proposed	Standard rendering (Apple, Microsoft); no rival in type tools.	An element is FontLab's container for a piece of drawing inside a glyph: one or more contours, an image, or a reference to another element. A glyph holds elements, and an element holds contours, which is the layer of structure that makes a serif or a stem reusable across a family. You work with elements in the Elements panel and with the Element tool. The word is FontLab's own; other editors call the nearest thing a path group or a component.
element reference	shared drawing link	元素引用	proposed	Built from 元素 and 引用 (FontForge zh_CN uses 引用 for glyph references).	An element reference is a placed copy of an element that still points at the original. Edit the original and every reference updates. You use references to share a serif, a stem, or a whole letter across a family, and you decompose a reference only when a glyph genuinely needs to diverge. A component is the familiar case of an element reference: one glyph placed inside another. Keep references intact through the design phase, since decomposing early throws away the link that makes a late change cheap.
family dimensions		家族尺寸	proposed	家族 is the family word in Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh); 尺寸 from dimensions.	The vertical values used to establish line layout for a font family. Platform-specific ascender, descender and line-gap fields belong to this group.
Flex		Flex	proposed	Fixed PostScript hint name, kept as the glossary asks; FontForge zh_CN also writes Flex 渲调提示. Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 弯曲 rejected.	Flex is a PostScript hint that flattens a shallow curve, such as a cup serif, to a straight line at small sizes. FontLab marks glyphs that carry it. Keep the name.
font dimensions		字体尺寸	proposed	Built from 字体 and 尺寸 (dimensions).	The design dimensions of a font master, including ascender, descender, capital height and x-height. These values describe the vertical proportions of the design.
font target	export target	目标字体	proposed	No attestation; fallback translated, as French police cible.	A font target is what TransType produces from a source: the output font, with its format, its names, and the filters applied on the way. Sources go in on one side and targets come out on the other, and one source can produce several targets. You set the target options before you convert, and you name the target in a procedure step so a reader knows which side of the conversion a setting belongs to.
font unit		字体单位	proposed	Common engineering term; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 单位 for font units.	A font unit is the coordinate step of a font's design grid. UPM says how many of them make one em, so a 700 unit stem in a 1000 UPM font is 70 percent of the em. Metrics, kerning values and node coordinates are all stated in font units.
fractional coordinates	non-integer coordinates	小数坐标	proposed	No attestation; plain mathematical wording for non-integer coordinates.	Fractional coordinates are node positions with decimal places, kept for curve fidelity while you draw. Font formats store integers, so FontLab rounds on export or when you turn on Round coordinates for the font.
friendly glyph name	readable glyph name	友好字形名	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans calls nice names 友好名称; shortened with 名 as the house guide prescribes for names.	A friendly glyph name is the readable name FontLab shows for editing, such as Aacute, as opposed to the production name written into the exported font, such as uni00C1. FontLab can keep both and convert on export.
ghost hint	edge-only fitting instruction	虚渲染提示	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 虚渲染提示 (生成虚渲染提示); the Chinese Glyphs tutorial's 鬼提示 rejected.	A ghost hint is a PostScript hint with a special width that marks one edge, such as the top of a round letter, when there is no stem to hint. It aligns that edge to an alignment zone.
hint	screen fitting instruction	渲染提示	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) use 渲染提示; FontForge zh_CN's 渲调提示 and Felici's bare 提示 rejected. The glossary says the word stays English everywhere, but Chinese has this established native term.	A hint is a stored instruction that tells a rasterizer how to align a stem or a zone to the pixel grid at small sizes. PostScript hints describe stems and zones; TrueType hints are instructions. FontLab draws hints in the Glyph window and generates them with autohinting. The word stays English in every language.
hint zone	hinting height band	渲染提示区域	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 渲染提示区域 for hint zones; kept distinct from the PostScript 对齐区域.	A hint zone is a horizontal band, such as the baseline or the x-height, inside which a rasterizer snaps overshoots to the same pixel row. FontLab stores zones in Font Info and shows them in the Glyph window. An alignment zone is the PostScript name for the same thing; hint zone is the general term.
hinting	screen fitting	渲染提示	proposed	Words of Type (zh) titles its hinting entry 渲染提示 and Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses it for TrueType and PostScript hinting; Chinese does not separate the process from the instruction. 字体微调 rejected because 微调 also names kerning.	Hinting is the extra information a font carries so that its outlines land predictably on a pixel grid at small sizes. PostScript hinting declares stems and alignment zones and leaves the rasterizer to interpret them. TrueType hinting gives instructions that move points explicitly, with the control values in the CVT table. You work on PostScript hints in the glyph and in Font Info, and on TrueType hints with the TrueType Hinting tool and panel. Autohinting produces a starting point you then correct.
instance	generated design	实例	proposed	FontForge zh_CN, Adobe and OpenType documentation (命名实例) use 实例; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) use 子样, a Glyphs coinage that needs explaining outside that application.	An instance is a particular result at a location in a font's variation space. A named instance, such as Semibold, gives a selected location a name that applications can present. Other locations need not have names. In FontLab, configured instances can be exported as static fonts or included as named instances in a variable font.
interpolation		插值	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, FontForge zh_CN and Words of Type (zh) use 插值.	Interpolation calculates values between source values. In font design, it can calculate outlines, metrics and other data from masters at specified design-space locations. Outline interpolation requires corresponding contour and point structures. Structural compatibility makes the calculation possible, but does not guarantee a good drawing: inspect intermediate results as well as the masters. Extrapolation calculates beyond the source range.
kern exception	pair spacing exception	字偶距例外	proposed	Built from 字偶距; no attestation for the compound.	A kern exception is a pair value that overrides what the classes would otherwise apply. One member of a class rarely behaves like the rest, and the exception says so without breaking the class apart. You create one in the Kerning panel by kerning the single pair while its classes stay in place. Keep exceptions few: a class with many exceptions is the wrong class, and the cheaper fix is to split it rather than to list every disagreement.
kerning	pair spacing correction	字偶距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN use 字偶距; 字偶间距 (Words of Type (zh), Cómo crear tipografías zh) is the long form, and Adobe's 字距微调 and Apple's 字距调整 blur kerning with tracking.	Kerning adjusts the spacing of particular glyph combinations beyond their normal advances. A pair such as AV may need a different gap from the one produced by its unadjusted metrics. OpenType fonts commonly store horizontal kerning in GPOS lookups associated with the kern feature; some formats and workflows use a separate kern table. Name the mechanism when it matters to export or compatibility.
kerning class	pair spacing group	字偶距类	proposed	FontForge zh_CN uses 字偶距类, which keeps 类 for class; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 字偶组 translates kerning group.	A kerning class groups glyphs that need the same kerning. You put every glyph that behaves alike on one side into one class, then kern the class once instead of kerning each pair inside it. FontLab applies the class value to every member pair and keeps single pairs as exceptions where a member needs its own value. Classes matter because a text face carries thousands of readable pairs, and a hand kerned list of that size is unmaintainable. FontLab writes the result into GPOS as class based positioning.
kerning pair	spacing-corrected pair	字偶对	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN both use 字偶对.	A kerning pair associates two glyphs, or two kerning classes, with a spacing adjustment. In horizontal kerning, a negative value normally reduces the gap and a positive value increases it. An individual glyph pair may provide an exception to class kerning, but it can also exist without a class rule. Check pairs in representative text as well as in isolation.
left sidebearing		左边距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN use 左边距. Keep numeric controls compact: LSB/RSB (French AG/AD), UPM and PPM. Expanded terms belong in explanatory help; the full Family Dimensions Units Per eM label is an intentional exception. Team UI convention in Proteus 1751b28b0.	The horizontal space between the glyph origin and the left edge of its outline. It contributes to the glyph advance width and its spacing.
Lib		Lib	proposed	Name of the UFO lib dictionary, kept as an identifier as in the reviewed languages.	Lib is the custom metadata dictionary of a font or a master, mirroring the UFO lib and stored in VFJ. Scripts and tools keep their own keys there.
line gap		行间距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans renders hheaLineGap and typoLineGap as 行间距; FontForge zh_CN's 行距 is line spacing as a whole.	The line gap is extra vertical space between lines that a font recommends beyond ascender and descender. hhea and OS/2 each store one.
line height		行高	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 行高; standard CSS term.	The distance between successive text baselines. It includes the relevant ascender, descender and line-gap contributions; line gap alone is only the additional space.
link metrics	tie spacing to another glyph	关联量度	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 关联量度值 for linking metrics to a master; shortened.	Link metrics ties a glyph's sidebearing or advance width to another glyph or to an expression, so the value follows its source. FontLab shows linked metrics with the expression and updates them when the source changes.
linked metrics		联动量度	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans calls metrics driven by keys 联动量度值; shortened.	Glyph spacing values linked to another glyph or to an expression. Updating the source or expression changes the dependent advance width or sidebearings.
mark attachment	combining mark positioning	标符定位	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 标符定位 for mark positioning; FontForge zh_CN's 标记附件 is a mistranslation.	Mark attachment positions a combining mark relative to a base glyph, a ligature component or another mark. OpenType GPOS lookups describe the anchor relationships, and the shaping engine applies the positioning during layout. FontLab can generate attachment code from suitable anchors. Check the relevant generation settings and test combinations, including stacked marks, rather than assuming that every anchor automatically becomes a lookup.
master	source design	母版	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) use 母版; 主版 and FontForge zh_CN's 主设计 rejected.	A master provides source outlines and other font data at a specified location in a design space. Masters can describe weight, width or other variations, including intermediate locations. FontLab uses corresponding data from masters to calculate instances. For outline interpolation, check contour and point compatibility in each affected glyph; the word master alone does not guarantee that every glyph is present or compatible.
master compatibility	matching master structure	母版兼容性	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 母版兼容性.	Master compatibility is the condition every glyph must meet before it can interpolate: the same number of contours in the same order, with the same number of nodes and the same start point in each. FontLab reports incompatible glyphs and gives you Matchmaker to repair them by matching contours and start points between masters. Fix compatibility before you tune shapes, because a repair that reorders nodes moves every curve that depends on them.
metrics		量度	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and InDesign use 量度; FontForge zh_CN's 度量 is the commoner general word and the main alternative.	Metrics are the measurements that place a glyph in a line: its advance width and its two sidebearings. Vertical metrics are a separate set, the font wide values for ascender, descender, and line gap. You work on horizontal metrics in the Metrics panel and with the Metrics tool, and on vertical metrics in Font Info. Say which set you mean whenever a page discusses both, because a reader who applies a horizontal instruction to the vertical fields breaks line spacing everywhere the font is used.
metrics expression		量度表达式	proposed	Built from 量度 and 表达式.	An expression that calculates a glyph advance width or sidebearing from other values. It describes a spacing relationship rather than a canvas measurement.
metrics key		量度键	proposed	Literal, built from 量度; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans calls the same device 联动量度值, kept here for linked metrics.	A glyph reference or expression used to derive a spacing value. The referenced value determines an advance width or sidebearing.
pin		图钉	proposed	Issue 160 catalog family review: named point inside an element, distinct from a glyph-layer anchor. Proteus Resources/helptips.json def.anchorpin defines the behavior. Preserve this term across panel, tool, action and help labels; proposed terminology, not native-team approval.	A pin is a named point inside an element. Use pins to position elements with expressions and to attach elements to each other. An anchor is a named point in a glyph layer, used for component placement and mark attachment. Create either with the Guides tool and edit it in the Anchors and Pins panel.
PPM	pixels per type body	PPM	proposed	Acronym kept, as in the Chinese Glyphs hinting tutorials; spelled out as 每字身框像素数 in prose (FontForge zh_CN: 每全字像素数). Keep numeric controls compact: LSB/RSB (French AG/AD), UPM and PPM. Expanded terms belong in explanatory help; the full Family Dimensions Units Per eM label is an intentional exception. Team UI convention in Proteus 1751b28b0.	PPM, pixels per em, is the size at which a rasterizer renders a font: how many pixels one em occupies. TrueType hints, device corrections and bitmap strikes are specified per PPM. In explanatory prose expand it; in hinting fields the short form is usual.
production glyph name	shipping glyph name	生产字形名	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 生产名称 for production names; 名 as the house guide prescribes.	A production glyph name is the name written into the exported font, chosen for compatibility with tools and the Adobe Glyph List, such as uni00C1 rather than Aacute.
rendering	drawing on screen	渲染	proposed	Universal (Blender, Apple, FontForge).	Rendering is the conversion of an outline into pixels on a screen or a printer. The rasterizer of the operating system or of FontLab's preview reads the outline, applies the hints and paints the result. FontLab previews rendering at chosen pixel sizes so you can judge hints. Rasterization names the same step from the pixel side.
required glyphs	mandatory glyphs	必需字形	proposed	No attestation; fallback translated.	Required glyphs are the ones the OpenType specification and common tools expect at the start of a font: .notdef, NULL or uni0000, CR or uni000D and space. FontLab can add them on export.
right sidebearing		右边距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN use 右边距. Keep numeric controls compact: LSB/RSB (French AG/AD), UPM and PPM. Expanded terms belong in explanatory help; the full Family Dimensions Units Per eM label is an intentional exception. Team UI convention in Proteus 1751b28b0.	The horizontal space between the right edge of a glyph outline and the end of its advance width. It contributes to spacing.
sidebearing	side space	边距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh) use 边距 with 左边距 and 右边距; FontForge zh_CN's 侧边距 is longer and Felici's 边空距 is not in use.	A sidebearing is the space between a glyph's outline and the edge of its advance width: the left sidebearing before the shape, the right sidebearing after it. Together with the advance width it sets how the glyph spaces against every other glyph, which is the work that carries a text face further than kerning does. You edit sidebearings in the Metrics panel or with the Metrics tool, one glyph at a time or across a selection, and you check them in a word rather than in isolation.
size		大小	proposed	Plain interface word (Apple, Microsoft).	The size of an object or the chosen size of displayed text. Name a specific width or height when only one direction is intended.
spacing		字间距	proposed	Cómo crear tipografías (zh) and Words of Type (zh) use 字间距 for the craft of spacing and the Chinese Glyphs tutorial calls it 字间距设计; bare 间距 (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans label) is too general.	The adjustment of glyph advance widths and sidebearings to establish the space between letters. Kerning makes additional adjustments to particular pairs.
standard stem	reference stem width	标准字干	proposed	The Chinese Glyphs hinting tutorial uses 标准字干; built from 字干.	Standard stems are the representative horizontal and vertical stem widths declared in a font for hinting. The rasterizer snaps stems near those widths to the same pixel count, so like stems stay alike at small sizes.
stem link	stem tie	字干链接	proposed	Built from 字干 and 链接; no attestation. Glyphs 3 zh-Hans has 字干提示 for a stem hint.	A stem link ties two edges of a stroke together as a stem, so hinting can hold their distance as the size changes. A vertical link governs a horizontal measurement and a horizontal link governs a vertical one. You add links in the glyph, either by hand or from an autohinting pass, and you keep them consistent with the standard stem widths declared in Font Info. Vextra reuses the term for the paired edges it detects in artwork that is not type.
styling group name		样式组名	proposed	Built from 样式 (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans 样式链接, 样式映射家族名称) and 组; no attestation for the compound.	The styling group name, SGN, ties together the styles an application reaches through its bold and italic buttons, and the styling link value and styling link name say which slot each style takes in that group. The mechanism is older than typographic family names and narrower: four slots, no more. You set these fields in TransType when a family has to behave correctly in applications that still drive style selection from those buttons.
subsetting	cutting down a font	子集化	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 子集化.	Subsetting exports only part of a font, such as the glyphs a page uses or one codepage, to make a smaller file. The OS/2 embedding bits can forbid it.
top sidebearing		上边距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 上边距 for TSB (更新上边距).	The space above the glyph outline within its vertical advance. This value participates in vertical text spacing rather than horizontal spacing.
tracking	uniform letter spacing	字距调整	proposed	Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop zh-CN and Words of Type (zh) use 字距调整 for tracking; Apple uses the same words for kerning, so 字偶距 keeps the two apart. Felici's 缩排 rejected.	Tracking changes the spacing across a run of text, rather than correcting particular pairs as kerning does. Layout applications apply it to text. TransType's Tracking filter changes spacing in the font data itself. That changes the font's starting metrics; a layout application can still apply additional tracking to text set in the resulting font.
TrueType instruction	pixel fitting instruction	TrueType 指令	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN use TrueType 指令.	A TrueType instruction is one step of the program a TrueType font runs to fit an outline to the pixel grid. Instructions are the TrueType form of hints. FontLab writes them from visual TrueType hints and can keep the ones a font already has. Say instruction for the code and hint for what the reader draws.
typographic family name		排印家族名	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 排印用家族名称; shortened with 名 as the house guide prescribes.	The typographic family name, TFN, is the name that groups every style of a family under one entry, and the typographic style name, TSN, is what distinguishes a style inside it. They sit beside the older four style family and style names that legacy applications read. You set them in TransType and in Font Info, and you keep them consistent across a family, because an app that reads these fields builds its font menu from them.
update metrics		更新量度	proposed	Built from 量度; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans has 更新左边距 and similar.	Recalculate glyph spacing values from their links or expressions. This command updates the advance widths and sidebearings that depend on those relationships.
variable font		可变字体	proposed	Universal (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Adobe, Words of Type (zh)).	A variable font contains data for design variation along one or more axes. Applications select axis values and calculate the corresponding outlines and other variable data. Named instances identify selected locations, but users are not limited to those locations when the application exposes axis controls. A variable font's supported range depends on its data; it need not contain every style in the family.
variation location	position in the variation range	位置	proposed	Follows the reviewed German, French and Polish, which use the plain word for position; no fixed Chinese term.	A variation location is a point in the design space, given as one value per axis. Masters and instances each have one, and the Variations panel slider shows the current one.
vertical advance	glyph box height	竖排字高	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans renders the vertical advance as 竖排字高; same concept as advance height.	The vertical advance is the distance a glyph advances in vertical text, the counterpart of advance width for East Asian layout. Stored in vmtx.
vertical metrics		纵向量度	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 纵向量度值; shortened.	The font-wide vertical values used for line layout, including ascender, descender and line gap. FontLab groups these as dimensions, distinct from glyph spacing metrics.
visual kerning	shape-measured spacing correction	视觉字偶距	proposed	Built from 视觉 and 字偶距; no attestation for the compound.	Visual kerning is kerning that FontLab proposes by measuring the shapes, so that a font gets a usable first pass without a person typing thousands of values. You run it over a selection, then review what it produced, because a measurement of two outlines does not know about the words a reader will meet. Treat the result as a draft: keep the pairs it got right, correct the ones it did not, and kern the difficult pairs by eye in real words.
weight axis	thickness axis	字重轴	proposed	Words of Type (zh) uses 字重轴.	The weight axis, tag wght, varies stroke thickness from light to bold. In a variable font it is the most common axis; its master locations use the usWeightClass scale, such as 400 for Regular and 700 for Bold.
weight class		字重类	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 字重类.	The weight class is the OS/2 value from 100 to 900 that tells applications how heavy a style is, with 400 for Regular and 700 for Bold. Style linking and menus rely on it.
width axis	narrow-to-wide axis	宽度轴	proposed	Words of Type (zh) uses 宽度轴; 字宽 is reserved for the advance width.	The width axis, tag wdth, varies letter proportions from condensed to extended. It is distinct from advance width, which is the spacing of one glyph, and from the geometric width of a shape. Its scale is a percentage of normal width.
width class		宽度类	proposed	FontForge zh_CN has 宽度类属; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 字宽类 rejected because 字宽 here means the advance width.	The width class is the OS/2 value from 1, ultra condensed, to 9, ultra expanded, that tells applications how wide a style is. It is a classification, not the width axis value and not the advance width.

OpenType

English	Fallback	Chinese (Simplified)	Status	Note	Definition
Adobe Glyph List		Adobe Glyph List	do-not-translate		The Adobe Glyph List maps standard glyph names to Unicode codepoints, so that a glyph named aacute is understood as U plus 00E1 by any tool that follows it. You name glyphs by it wherever it covers the character, because tools and text engines can then infer the mapping without being told twice. Where it does not cover a glyph, you fall back to a consistent scheme of your own and assign codepoints explicitly. Write the name in full on first mention, then AGL.
alternate glyph	glyph variant	备选字形	proposed	Built from 备选 (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans 备选字, Words of Type (zh) 备选字符形, Apple 备选) and 字形; InDesign's 替代字形 rejected to keep one family.	An alternate glyph is another form of the same character, selected through an OpenType feature such as salt or a stylistic set. Its name usually carries a suffix, as in a.alt or g.ss01.
cmap		cmap	do-not-translate		The cmap table maps character codes to glyph indices. Its Unicode subtables provide the initial mapping used in text rendering; other subtables support particular encodings or variation sequences. FontLab generates these mappings from the project's encoding data. A glyph without its own Unicode assignment can still appear in typed text through substitution, such as a ligature or alternate selected by the shaping engine.
code page	legacy character table	代码页	proposed	Established Microsoft and Windows term for a numbered legacy encoding.	A code page is a numbered legacy encoding, such as Windows 1250 for Central European languages, that maps one byte to one character. The OS/2 table lists the code pages a font supports, and FontLab derives that list from the glyphs present. Write two words.
color font table		彩色字体表	proposed	彩色字体 is the usual term for colour fonts and 表 names a font table (FontForge zh_CN 表, Glyphs 参数表).	Colour-font tables store data for colour glyph rendering. Formats include COLR with CPAL, SVG, sbix, and CBDT with CBLC. They differ in how they describe vector or bitmap content and in application support. Including several formats can extend coverage, but does not guarantee rendering in every application. Identify the exported formats and test the intended targets.
contextual alternates	context-dependent variants	上下文替换	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN name the calt feature 上下文替换; InDesign's 上下文替代字 and Apple's 关联备选 rejected.	Contextual alternates, the calt feature, cover substitutions an app makes because of what sits around a glyph rather than because a reader asked. In a script face the text engine replaces an entry stroke after a letter that already ends in one, and in a face with repeating shapes it replaces the second of a pair. You write the rules with context in feature code, and apps usually leave calt on by default, which makes it the feature most likely to surprise you when a rule is too broad.
cursive attachment	joined-script connection	连写定位	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans names the curs feature 连写定位; FontForge zh_CN's 草写附件 is a mistranslation of attachment.	Cursive attachment joins glyphs by matching an exit anchor of one glyph to the entry anchor of the next, so connected scripts such as Arabic and Nastaliq flow. It is the curs feature, built from anchors.
design languages		目标语言	proposed	No attestation; follows the reviewed German, French and Polish (target languages), because the literal 设计语言 means a visual design language in Chinese.	Design languages, the meta table dlng record, list the languages the typeface was designed for. Supported languages, slng, list every language it can set. Both are language tags, not feature tags.
encoding		编码	proposed	Universal (FontForge zh_CN, Apple, Adobe, Microsoft).	An encoding maps character codes to glyphs. Unicode is the encoding modern fonts use; legacy encodings such as Mac Roman or a code page map one byte to one glyph. FontLab shows the font in a chosen encoding in the Font window and writes the cmap from it. Say encoding for the mapping and code page for a numbered legacy table.
feature code	layout rule code	特性代码	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 特性代码 (选取特性代码文件).	Feature code is the text syntax that describes OpenType features: classes, lookups, substitution and positioning rules, grouped into features by tag. It is usually called FEA, after the file extension. You edit it in the Features panel, compile it to check for errors, and keep it under the same review as the drawings, since a rule that fires on the wrong glyph is as visible as a wrong outline. FontLab compiles it into GSUB and GPOS at export.
fractions		分数	proposed	Apple CoreText and Glyphs 3 zh-Hans (数字∙分数) use 分数.	Fractions are numerical forms such as ½. In OpenType, the frac feature supports diagonal fraction composition through glyph substitution. A font may provide precomposed fraction glyphs, numerator and denominator forms, or both. The separate numr and dnom features provide numerator and denominator forms. Do not substitute the sups and subs feature names for these mechanisms or promise support for every input sequence without testing it.
glyph index	glyph number	字形索引	proposed	Apple Font Book and FontForge use 字形索引.	A glyph index is the number a glyph occupies in the font's own order, counting from zero. Text engines work in indices after the cmap has done its job, and binary tables reference glyphs by index rather than by name. You rarely set one by hand, but you meet it when you inspect a compiled font or debug a lookup that fires on the wrong glyph. The index depends on glyph order, so it changes when the order does.
glyph name		字形名	proposed	FontForge zh_CN has 字形名称; shortened to 名 as the house guide prescribes. Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 字符形名称 rejected with 字符形.	A glyph name identifies a glyph in an editing project, feature code or a tool's data. Names such as a, a.sc and a.alt can distinguish related drawings. They are separate from Unicode assignments and glyph indices, and need not survive in every exported format. After renaming a glyph, check references in feature code, classes and scripts, including references the editor cannot update automatically.
GPOS		GPOS	do-not-translate		GPOS is the OpenType table that holds positioning: kerning, mark attachment, cursive attachment, and any rule that moves a glyph without replacing it. FontLab writes your kerning here, as pairs and as class based positioning, and builds the mark lookups from your anchors. You reach it through feature code rather than by editing the table. A font may also carry a legacy kern table; modern text engines read GPOS and many ignore the other.
GSUB		GSUB	do-not-translate		GSUB is the OpenType table containing glyph-substitution lookups. It supports operations such as replacing a glyph with an alternate, forming a ligature or selecting a form from its context. FontLab compiles feature code into these structures. To diagnose a missing substitution, check the glyphs, compiled rules, feature selection, language and shaping order in the target application.
ligature	joined letters	连字	proposed	FontForge zh_CN, Adobe, Apple, Words of Type (zh) and Detail in Typography (zh) use 连字; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and The Type prefer 合字.	A ligature is a glyph used to represent a sequence of characters, such as fi. OpenType substitution can replace several glyphs with one ligature glyph. The liga and dlig features distinguish standard and discretionary ligatures. Shaping does not change the underlying text; whether a later document export preserves searchable text also depends on that export and its text mappings.
localized forms	language-specific variants	本地化形态	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans names the locl feature 本地化形态; FontForge zh_CN's 本地形式 rejected.	Localized forms are glyph variants selected for a text run's language. The OpenType locl feature can provide these substitutions, for example Bulgarian forms of Cyrillic letters. The shaping engine needs the relevant language information, which the application may obtain from a setting or other context. The substitution changes glyph selection, not the underlying characters or their codepoints.
lookup	procedure	查找表	approved	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans customParameterDescriptions.strings, archived TMX TU 1933, uses GPOS 查找表 for pair-adjustment lookups. Its other lookup translations vary; this is the user's preferred Glyphs UI precedent. Keep the approved contextual Rules panel title. Preserve literal FEA lookup/lookupflag keywords, identifiers and OpenType structure names. Ordinary search senses are separate.	A lookup groups substitution or positioning rules of one type in GSUB or GPOS. Features reference lookups, and several features can share one. The shaping engine selects features and may process them in script-specific stages; within a stage, LookupList order matters. Source-code order alone does not describe the complete shaping sequence. Inspect the compiled tables and the target engine when diagnosing ordering problems.
mark glyph	combining mark glyph	标符字形	proposed	Built from 标符 (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans) and 字形.	A mark glyph is an accent or other combining mark that attaches to a base glyph through anchors. The GDEF table classes it as a mark so shaping engines position it rather than advancing past it.
nonspacing mark	zero-width combining mark	无间距标符	proposed	Built from Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 无间距 and 标符; Unicode documentation calls category Mn 非间距标记.	A nonspacing mark is the Unicode general category Mn: a combining mark with zero advance, such as a combining acute. It differs from FontLab's nonspacing element, which is a property of an element inside a glyph.
oldstyle figures	lowercase-style figures	旧式数字	proposed	Words of Type (zh) and Apple use 旧式数字; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 老式数字, InDesign's 变高数字 and 旧体数字 (Detail in Typography zh-TW) rejected.	Oldstyle figures are numerals with varying heights, often including forms with ascenders and descenders. The OpenType onum feature selects them when provided by the font. Figure height and figure width are separate choices: oldstyle figures can be proportional or tabular. Use tabular widths when numerals must align in columns, whether their forms are oldstyle or lining.
OpenType class	layout glyph group	OpenType 类	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and FontForge zh_CN use 类 for classes; name protected.	An OpenType class is a named group of glyphs that feature code can address at once, written with an at sign before the name. One rule over two classes replaces a page of single rules, and one edit to a class reaches every rule that cites it. You define classes in the Classes panel or in feature code, and you keep their order stable, because a substitution between two classes pairs them by position. Kerning classes are a separate mechanism with the same idea.
OpenType feature	layout feature	OpenType 特性	proposed	Words of Type (zh) uses OpenType 特性; InDesign's OpenType 功能 rejected with 功能.	An OpenType feature identifies typographic behaviour through a four-character tag, such as liga, smcp or ss01. Feature records reference substitution or positioning lookups. In FontLab, you can write feature code and compile it into the font. Whether and when a feature is applied depends on the shaping engine, script, language and application settings; not every feature is a user-controlled switch.
OS/2 table		OS/2 表	proposed	Tag protected, noun translated (FontForge zh_CN: OS/2 表).	The OS/2 table carries the font's metadata for applications: vertical metrics, weight and width classes, embedding permissions, the panose values, and the codepage and Unicode range bits that say what the font covers. You fill it from Font Info rather than by hand, and you check it before release, because a wrong weight class puts a font in the wrong slot in a menu and wrong vertical metrics change line spacing in every browser. Write it with the slash: OS/2.
Private Use Area		Private Use Area	do-not-translate		A private-use area is one of three Unicode blocks whose codepoints can receive meanings by private agreement. Different fonts or systems may assign different meanings to the same private-use codepoint. Use a documented agreement when encoding custom symbols there. An alternate glyph reached through a feature does not require its own private-use assignment.
single substitution		单一替换	proposed	FontForge zh_CN uses 单一替换.	A single substitution replaces one glyph with one other glyph, the simplest GSUB lookup type. Small caps, stylistic alternates and localized forms are mostly built from it.
small caps	small capitals	小型大写字母	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Apple, Counterpunch (zh) and Words of Type (zh) use 小型大写字母; short form 小型大写.	Small caps are capital shapes drawn at roughly lowercase height, with their own weight and width rather than scaled capitals. Apps apply the smcp feature to put them in place of lowercase letters, and c2sc to put them in place of capitals, so a run set in both features becomes uniform. You draw them as separate glyphs, usually with a dot sc suffix, and write both features. Scaled capitals look thin beside real text, which is the reason to draw them rather than let an app fake them.
stylistic set		风格组合	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 风格组合 for ss01 to ss20; Apple's and Microsoft's 样式集 is the alternative.	A stylistic set is a numbered group of alternate glyphs a reader can switch on, from ss01 through ss20. Each set holds alternates that belong together: a single storey a with a matching g, a set of flat topped figures. You name each set in the font so an app can show a readable label instead of a number, and you keep one idea per set. A set that mixes unrelated alternates gives a reader nothing they can decide about.
tabular figures	equal-width figures	等宽数字	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 等宽数字; InDesign's 定宽数字 rejected.	Tabular figures all carry the same advance width, so columns of numbers line up whatever digits they contain. Apps apply the tnum feature to put them in place of proportional figures. You draw them as a separate set and give every one the same width, centring the narrow digits inside it. They matter in any table, price list, or running total, and they look loose in prose, which is why a font offers both sets rather than choosing for the reader.
Unicode codepoint	character code	Unicode 码位	proposed	码位 is the GB and Unicode Consortium term and FontForge zh_CN uses it; 代码点 rejected.	A Unicode codepoint is an integer from U+0000 to U+10FFFF. Not every codepoint has an assigned character. Write it with U+ and at least four hexadecimal digits, as in U+0041 for A. In a font editor, a glyph's Unicode assignment connects it to an encoded character; the exported cmap records the relevant mapping.
variation selector	variant picker character	变体选择符	proposed	FontForge zh_CN uses 变体选择符 for the Unicode Variation Selectors blocks; its 异体字选择器 covers only the ideographic use.	A variation selector is a Unicode character that follows a base character to request a specific glyph form. The pair is a variation sequence, mapped in the cmap format 14 subtable; a default mapping points at the base glyph.
writing system		书写系统	proposed	Microsoft and W3C use 书写系统; the OpenType script itself is 文种 in Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Words of Type (zh).	A writing system is the set of characters and rules a language writes with, such as Latin, Cyrillic or Arabic. OpenType calls it a script and identifies it by a four letter tag. Say writing system in prose and script tag for the identifier, so the reader does not confuse it with a Python script.

File formats

English	Fallback	Chinese (Simplified)	Status	Note	Definition
AI file		AI file	do-not-translate		An AI file is an Adobe Illustrator document, and it is the container the Vexy Illustrator plug-ins work inside. It holds paths, strokes, fills, appearances, and the live effects that a plug-in adds. You do not export an AI file from the plug-ins; you work in one. Write it as an AI file or an Illustrator document, never as an ai, and name Adobe Illustrator in full on first mention in the same document.
AIP		AIP	do-not-translate		An AIP file is an Adobe Illustrator plug-in binary, and it is how Vexy Linestra and Vexy Vextra reach Illustrator. The filenames close up the product name, VexyLinestra.aip and VexyVextra.aip, while prose keeps the space. You copy the file into the Illustrator plug-ins folder, whose name the operating system may show translated, and restart Illustrator so it loads. Name the file exactly as it ships, since a renamed plug-in does not load.
FLREQ		FLREQ	do-not-translate		An FLREQ file is a licence request the application writes when a machine cannot reach the licensing service, and an FLLIC file is the response that activates it. You send the request from the machine that needs the licence, receive the response, and open it there. The pair exists for machines that stay offline, so name both files in a procedure that uses either, and say which machine each step happens on.
Fog.net		Fog.net	do-not-translate		Fog.net is Fontographer's project data format, and fognet is the Python module that reads and writes it from a script. A project file carries the extension .fog. You meet the format when you script against a project or move one between machines, rather than in ordinary editing, where the dashboard handles saving. The module name is lowercase, as Python module names are, and it goes in code font wherever it appears in prose.
Glyphs file		Glyphs file	do-not-translate		A Glyphs file is the source format of the Glyphs editor, and FontLab reads and writes it so that a project can move between the two. It holds masters, glyphs, metrics, and features in one text file. You use it when a collaborator works in the other editor, and you check the result after the trip, because two editors model masters and components in ways that do not correspond exactly. Write it as a Glyphs file, not as a glyphs.
Lines file		Lines file	do-not-translate		A Lines file is the native document of Vexy Lines, holding the source image, the fills applied to it, and the settings that produced the result. You save to it while you work and export vector artwork when you are finished, because the export keeps the result and not the recipe. Write it as a Lines file with a capital L when you name the format, and as the extension in lowercase with a dot when you mean the file suffix.
OTF		OTF	do-not-translate		OTF is the usual filename extension for an OpenType font with PostScript outlines. These use cubic curves stored in CFF or CFF2 data. State the outline flavour when it matters: OpenType fonts with TrueType outlines also support OpenType layout features. The .otf extension alone does not establish which features, colour formats or variation capabilities a font contains.
SVG		SVG	do-not-translate		SVG is the vector graphics format, and it names two different things in this documentation: a graphic file that a drawing tool exports, and the SVG table inside a colour font. Say which you mean. You export SVG artwork from the Vexy products, and you meet the SVG table when you build a colour font in FontLab. A sentence that says SVG support without saying which one leaves a reader to guess.
TTC		TTC	do-not-translate		TTC is the usual filename extension for a TrueType font collection: several fonts stored in one file. Collection members can share tables, reducing duplication where their data is identical. A collection is a packaging format, not an interpolation model. Distinguish its individual fonts from named instances within a variable font.
TTF		TTF	do-not-translate		TTF is the usual filename extension for a font with TrueType outlines, which use quadratic curves. An OpenType TTF can contain layout features and variation data. Exporting cubic source outlines to this flavour requires curve conversion, which can change the point structure and approximate the original geometry. Check the exported outlines at the intended sizes.
Type 1		Type 1	do-not-translate		Type 1 is an older PostScript outline-font format. It remains relevant when opening archived fonts or explaining conversion workflows. Support depends on the application and version, so identify the target when discussing compatibility. Converting a Type 1 font to OpenType does not automatically supply missing Unicode mappings or new layout features.
UFO		UFO	do-not-translate		UFO, Unified Font Object, is an open source-font format. UFO 3 stores glyph layers, font information, kerning, groups and optional feature code in a directory package or ZIP archive. It also allows images and application-specific data. Interchange depends on what both applications support; a UFO export does not by itself guarantee that every editor-specific property survives.
VFB		VFB	do-not-translate		VFB is the native source format of FontLab Studio 5. FontLab 8 can open and export it, but the format cannot represent every feature of a FontLab 8 project. Use VFC or VFJ for ongoing work in FontLab 8. Name VFB when explaining migration or an exchange workflow that requires the older format, and check the exported result for unsupported data.
VFC		VFC	do-not-translate		VFC is FontLab's native binary format, and the one you work in. It holds everything the editor knows: masters, elements, references, anchors, kerning, features, and the project settings that no font format carries. You save to it while you design and export to OTF or TTF when you ship. Write the format in capitals when you name it and in lowercase with a dot when you mean the extension. Its sibling VFJ stores the same content as text.
VFJ		VFJ	do-not-translate		VFJ is FontLab's JSON source format. It provides a text representation of a FontLab project for workflows that need readable or scriptable data. Use it as a source format, not an installable font. When exchanging files between FontLab versions or external tools, check that the receiving tool supports the data the project uses.
WOFF2		WOFF2	do-not-translate		WOFF2 is a compressed font format for web delivery. Its encoding uses font-specific transformations and Brotli compression. Export it for web use and test the resulting font in the target browsers. The size saving depends on the source font and its contents; do not promise a fixed reduction or infer available features from the extension.

Interface

English	Fallback	Chinese (Simplified)	Status	Note	Definition
action		动作	proposed	Adobe (Photoshop Actions) and Apple use 动作 for a named invokable operation; 操作 is kept free for the generic word operation.	An action is an operation you can invoke in the application. An action label names the operation; help explains its effect.
add		添加	proposed	Platform word in Apple, Adobe and Glyphs 3 zh-Hans (添加锚点, 添加母版).	Add inserts another item into the current collection or selection. Name the item when the surrounding control does not make it clear.
alternate		备选	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Words of Type (zh) and Apple CoreText all use 备选 for alternates; 替代/替换 is reserved for substitution.	An alternate is a different glyph form for the same character or purpose. The context determines how you select or substitute that form.
anchor cloud	attachment point cloud	锚点云	proposed	No attestation; built from 锚点 plus 云, as German Ankerwolke and Polish chmura kotwic do. Cloud alone is 云.	The anchor cloud previews the marks that attach to an anchor by showing them faintly around the glyph in the Glyph window. It checks mark positioning without leaving the base glyph.
auto layer	recipe-built layer	自动图层	proposed	No attestation; fallback translated on the model of German Auto-Ebene, from 图层.	An auto layer builds a glyph from a recipe, such as A plus acute, and rebuilds it when the parts change. Turn auto off to edit the glyph by hand.
autohint		自动渲染提示	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans labels the command 自动渲染提示; FontForge's 自动渲调 rejected with its coinage 渲调.	Autohint is the command to generate hints automatically. Use autohinting when naming the process rather than the command.
Brush		画笔	proposed	Adobe zh-CN tool name; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 笔触 means the stroke a brush leaves, and 笔刷 is Blender usage.	The Brush tool draws a stroke freehand, and what the stroke becomes differs by product. In FontLab and Fontographer the Brush keeps the path you drew as a centreline and generates the thick outline from it, so the drawing stays editable until you expand it into ordinary contours. In Vexy Lines the Brush paints masks by hand, and a mask decides where a layer's fills can draw rather than being artwork itself. Name the application in any sentence where a reader could take one tool for the other.
collapse		收拢	proposed	No attestation for this node operation; the everyday verb for gathering things to one spot. 折叠 (fold a panel) and Blender's 塌陷 rejected as the wrong image.	Collapse aligns the selected nodes to one point. In the Contour tool it aligns both coordinates; in the Metrics tool only the horizontal one. It moves nodes; it does not merge them.
color flag	color mark	颜色标记	proposed	Fallback color mark translated; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 颜色标签 rejected because 标签 is needed for tags, and 标记 is free since mark glyphs are 标符.	A color flag is a color you assign to a glyph cell, a kerning pair or a class to mark it for later. Flags are annotations for the designer and are not exported.
corner angles		拐角角度	proposed	No attestation; descriptive rendering of the angles at contour corners.	The angles at contour vertices. These geometric measurements describe how adjacent segments meet at a corner and can be displayed on the canvas.
cousins	related glyphs alongside	表亲	proposed	No attestation; house voice. The plain family word for cousins, usable as a collective like Polish kuzynostwo.	Cousins are related glyphs or other masters that FontLab shows faintly around the current glyph in the Glyph window, so you can compare shapes and spacing while you edit. The name is FontLab's, rendered in each language's house voice.
crop		裁剪	proposed	Apple, Adobe and Microsoft all use 裁剪.	Crop trims an image or drawing to a chosen area. The command label names the operation; its context identifies the object being cropped.
cubic		三次	proposed	Mathematical term (三次贝塞尔曲线; FontForge zh_CN 三次曲线); Blender's 立方 is the volume sense.	A cubic Bézier segment is a curve defined by two endpoints and two control points. Cubic describes the degree of the curve, not its physical dimensions.
current		当前	proposed	Standard interface word (GIMP, Qt, Microsoft).	Current identifies the item or state active at the time of an operation. Name the item, such as the current layer, when the context is ambiguous.
cusp		尖点	proposed	Mathematical term for a cusp; kept apart from 尖角 (sharp) and from a smooth join.	A cusp is a sharp point where a curve changes direction abruptly. Keep it distinct from a smooth join.
decompose	break into contours	分解	proposed	FontForge zh_CN uses 分解 for decomposition and the word is transparent; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 释放 (borrowed from Illustrator's Release) rejected because it reads as freeing something.	Decompose replaces components with copies of their contours, so the glyph no longer follows its source glyphs. Use it before edits that a component cannot carry, or before export to a format without composites.
default		默认	proposed	Standard interface word (Apple, Adobe, Microsoft, Qt).	A default is the value or choice used when no explicit alternative has been selected. It need not be the currently selected value.
demo mode		演示模式	proposed	Standard software rendering of demo mode.	Demo mode is how FontLab runs without a license: everything works except saving, exporting and printing.
dialog		对话框	proposed	Standard interface word (Apple, Microsoft, Qt).	A dialog presents information, settings or a question for a particular interaction. A modal dialog restricts interaction with its parent until it is dismissed; a modeless dialog does not. Use the application's established name and reproduce its button labels exactly. If a procedure opens a dialog, explain the relevant choices and how to apply or cancel them.
Dream Up	generate shapes	畅想	proposed	No attestation; house voice. An everyday verb for imagining freely, in place of the flat 生成形状 that the fallback gives.	Dream Up is a Fontographer command for generating glyph shapes. Dream Up Font generates a whole font; Mixfont blends existing fonts. Keep these commands distinct and show any confirmed cost before the reader runs an operation. Generated shapes may need further editing.
echo text	repeated text	回显文本	proposed	回显 is the established computing word for echo; no type-specific attestation.	Echo text makes a preview repeat the text of the current window, so the Preview panel or the TrueType hinting preview shows the same string you are editing.
Eraser		橡皮擦	proposed	The real tool's name, as in Adobe and Apple.	The Eraser removes or simplifies points on a contour. In FontLab, its modes remove nodes and handles, select points for removal, or simplify a path. In Vexy Vextra, normal Eraser removes covered points; Soft Eraser removes a node only when a replacement curve is close enough to the original. That does not guarantee an identical outline. In Fontographer, Eraser shares a grouped toolbar button with Trowel. Name the application and mode when describing an operation.
expand filter	bake filter into contours	扩展滤镜	proposed	扩展 is Adobe's and Glyphs' word for baking a live appearance into outlines (扩展外观, 扩展为轮廓); 滤镜 is the filter word in both.	Expand filter bakes a live element filter, such as Smart Corners, Skin or a boolean Fusion, into plain contours. The filter parameters are no longer editable afterwards.
expand stroke	bake stroke into contours	扩展描边	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans 扩展为轮廓 and FontForge zh_CN 扩展笔画 use 扩展; 描边 is the chosen word for stroke. Illustrator's 轮廓化描边 rejected to keep the expand family.	Expand stroke converts a stroked centerline, or a brush applied to a contour, into plain filled contours. The live stroke or brush is gone afterwards and the result can be edited node by node.
expand transformation	bake transformation into contours	扩展变换	proposed	Same expand family as 扩展滤镜 and 扩展描边; no attestation for the exact phrase.	Expand transformation writes an element's live transformation, such as scaling or rotation, into the node coordinates. The element then has an identity transformation and its contours carry the geometry directly.
feature		特性	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Words of Type (zh) (OpenType 特性) and Apple CoreText use 特性; FontForge zh_CN's 特征 and Adobe's 功能 rejected.	A feature in OpenType editing identifies typographic behavior implemented by substitution or positioning lookups. Feature tags are literal identifiers and remain unchanged in translation.
Fills		填充	proposed	Standard in Adobe, Apple and Inkscape.	In FontLab, the Fill tool sets enclosed regions as filled or unfilled by changing contour direction or applying a live Fill filter. In Vexy Lines, Linestra and Playlines, a fill mode is a method for generating artwork from an image, such as Halftone or Stipple. Name the application and distinguish the tool, the filled region and the generative mode.
FontAudit		丰特奥迪特	proposed	User requires phonetic transliteration, explicitly including Chinese. Russian and Ukrainian spellings were recovered from team QPH; other spellings are proposals. Retain the FontAudit identity; do not translate as a generic audit command. Preserve FontAudit in code and identifiers.	FontAudit is the FontLab panel that inspects outlines and reports the problems a proof will show later: unclosed contours, wrong winding directions, missing extreme nodes, near vertical segments, and the like. You run it over a glyph or a selection, read the findings, and fix what matters for the design rather than clearing every warning. In English write the FontAudit panel on first mention. Localized UI may transliterate the name into its writing system; keep the name distinct from a generic audit command. Preserve FontAudit in code and identifiers.
FontLab account		FontLab 账户	proposed	Translate the common noun account and inflect it in complete sentences; preserve the FontLab brand. German, Spanish and French wording is already used in current FontLab UI. Other language forms are proposals. Do not duplicate account when the surrounding sentence already translates it.	A FontLab account is the identity used to sign in to FontLab services and manage licences. Keep the capital L in FontLab and lowercase account in English. Translate the common noun account while preserving the FontLab name. Distinguish the account from a licence, subscription or payment when more than one appears in the same explanation.
Fusion	Welder	焊工	proposed	User decision 2026-10-04: translate the fallback Welder, the named live boolean group filter. Polish Spawacz is explicit; other renderings are proposals. Preserve Fusion in code identifiers.	Fusion is FontLab's live boolean filter on an element group: add, subtract, intersect or exclude the overlapping contours while the parts stay editable. Intersect keeps only the overlap; expand the filter to bake the result.
Genius node	self-balancing node	天才节点	proposed	No attestation; house voice. Genius rendered with the plain word 天才.	A Genius node keeps its curves smooth and balanced automatically when neighbours move; FontLab adjusts its handles for you. A Follower node follows key nodes under Power Nudge. Both are FontLab names, rendered in each language's house voice.
grid		网格	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Adobe and Apple use 网格.	A grid is a set of regularly spaced reference lines or points used to position drawing objects. Keep it distinct from a mesh used for deformation.
Groups		组	proposed	InDesign, FontForge zh_CN and Blender use 组; Glyphs 3 zh-Hans's 群组 is longer with no gain.	A group collects several things and treats them as one, and the things differ by product. In FontLab the word most often means a kerning group, the set of glyphs that kern alike, which the documentation also calls a kerning class. In Vexy Vextra, following Illustrator, a group is selected artwork bound into one object. In Vexy Lines a group bundles layers and carries its own source image, working like a folder. TransType adds a styling group that ties a family's styles into a menu. Say which you mean.
guide		参考线	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Adobe use 参考线; FontForge zh_CN's 引导线 rejected.	A guide is a reference line used to position or align drawing objects. Its name describes its role rather than a visible stroke in the exported glyph.
kerning mode		字偶距模式	proposed	Built from 字偶距 and 模式.	The editing mode for adjusting spacing between pairs of glyphs. It changes pair adjustments rather than the individual glyph sidebearings.
Knife		小刀	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans names the tool 小刀, the real tool; Illustrator's 美工刀 is the alternative.	The Knife tool works along a line you drag across a shape, and what it leaves behind differs by product and by sub-tool. In FontLab it adds nodes where the line crosses a contour, breaks a closed contour into open paths, or slices one contour into two closed shapes, depending on which of its three sub-tools is active. In Fontographer it cuts through contours along the drawn path. In Vexy Lines it inserts points and splits curves. Say which app, which mode, and what the cut leaves.
layer		图层	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Adobe use 图层.	A layer holds one drawing or part of a document. In FontLab, the context identifies the glyph layer; name the application when another product uses a different layer model.
Layers		图层	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Adobe use 图层; Chinese has no plural form.	Layers hold the separate drawings a glyph or a document carries at once. In FontLab a glyph layer holds one master, a mask, or a background, and you manage them in the Layers and Masters panel, where switching layers switches which drawing you edit. In Vexy Lines a layer is a transparent sheet holding one or more fills, and it is the basic unit of a document, since artwork needs at least one. The two meanings sit close enough to be mistaken, so a sentence about layers names the application.
mark		标符	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 标符 for mark glyphs, which keeps them apart from 标记 (flags, colour marks); FontForge zh_CN and Microsoft use 标记.	A mark in glyph positioning is a diacritical glyph positioned in relation to another glyph. A color mark or selection mark is a different interface meaning.
Masks		蒙版	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Adobe and Apple use 蒙版.	A mask holds a second drawing, and what it does with that drawing differs by product. In FontLab a mask is a glyph layer carrying a previous version or a reference shape, so you can compare the live outline against it and copy between them; it hides nothing. In Vexy Lines a mask is a vector stencil that decides where a layer's fills can draw, letting the fill through its transparent areas and holding it back elsewhere. Name the application, and in FontLab prefer the full phrase mask layer.
match		匹配	proposed	Standard rendering in Apple, Adobe and Microsoft.	Match makes selected properties correspond. The object and context determine whether this means synchronizing edits, matching geometry or comparing values.
matching		相匹配	proposed	Adjectival form of 匹配; no separate attestation.	Matching describes objects or properties that correspond. Name the matched property when the interface context does not identify it.
Matchmaker	master matcher	红娘	proposed	No attestation; house voice. 红娘 is the proverbial Chinese matchmaker, as plain as Polish swat; 媒人 is the alternative and 匹配器 the flat one.	Matchmaker is a FontLab tool for examining and correcting correspondence between glyph masters. It helps align contour order and start points for interpolation. Matching structures does not guarantee that intermediate outlines look right. Inspect the resulting interpolation; changing contour order or a start point can change correspondence without changing the outline's geometry at the master location.
measurement line		测量线	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 测量线 (显示测量线).	A line that shows a measured distance in the drawing. Distinguish this geometric measurement from a metrics line used to calculate sidebearings.
measurements		测量	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 测量 (显示测量); kept apart from 量度 (metrics) and 尺寸 (dimensions).	Values displayed on the canvas to describe geometry, such as coordinates, lengths, angles, tensions and counters. Showing measurements does not modify glyph spacing or font dimensions.
Measurements panel		测量面板	proposed	Built from 测量 (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans) and 面板.	The Measurements panel lists measured dimensions of the current font: stems, serifs, overshoots, contrast and heights, separately for capitals and lowercase. Its labels are compact; translations must not exceed the English length.
merge		合并	proposed	Standard interface word (Apple, Adobe, FontForge).	Merge combines items into a result. Name the items and explain what is retained when that distinction matters to the operation.
mesh		变形网格	proposed	Adobe and Blender call both grid and mesh 网格; 变形 is added to keep the mesh distinct from the drawing grid, as the definition requires.	A mesh is a network of connected points or cells used to describe or deform geometry. It is distinct from a drawing grid used for alignment.
metrics mode		量度模式	proposed	Built from 量度 and 模式.	The editing mode for adjusting glyph advance widths and sidebearings. It changes the spacing of glyphs rather than the vertical dimensions of the font or the visibility of measurements.
metrics table		量度表	proposed	Built from 量度 and 表.	The table of glyph spacing values, including advance widths and sidebearings. It lets the user inspect or edit spacing values together.
metrics tool		量度工具	proposed	Built from 量度 and 工具.	The tool that edits glyph advance widths and sidebearings. Use it to adjust glyph spacing; canvas measurement overlays display values without changing those spacing values.
monospaced		等宽	proposed	Apple and FontForge zh_CN use 等宽.	Monospaced describes text or a typeface whose ordinary spacing glyphs have equal advance widths. Marks and special glyphs can have different spacing behavior.
multi-line		多行	proposed	Standard rendering (InDesign, Microsoft).	Multi-line describes text or a control that contains more than one line. It does not imply more than one paragraph.
nonspacing	zero-width	无间距	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 无间距 for nonspacing; a descriptive 不计入量度 would be clearer for FontLab's element property but is unattested.	A nonspacing element or component is excluded from metrics: it stays visible and is exported, but FontLab ignores it when it computes the advance width and sidebearings. Detect nonspacing marks accents and other marks in composites automatically.
Nudge	push move	轻推	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 轻推 for nudging nodes, an everyday word; Blender's 推移 and Microsoft's 微移 rejected.	Nudge moves the selected nodes and adjusts the nearby handles so the curve keeps its shape. Power Nudge extends the move to more of the contour. Both are FontLab names.
Oblique		Oblique	proposed	Fixed FontLab operation name, kept as the glossary asks; 伪斜体 and 倾斜 name a plain slant, which is something else.	Oblique is FontLab's action that slants a layer and applies a fixed set of optical corrections, so the result is closer to a designed oblique than a plain skew. Keep the name in every language; a plain slant is something else.
panel		面板	proposed	Standard in Apple and Adobe.	A panel groups related controls or information within an application's interface. It may be docked or floating, depending on the application. Use its displayed name followed by panel in lowercase, as in the Kerning panel. Distinguish panels, windows, dialogs and panes by their role and established product terminology, not solely by whether they float, dock or contain tabs.
Pencil		铅笔	proposed	The real tool's name (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans 铅笔工具, Adobe 铅笔).	The Pencil tool draws freehand, and what it draws on differs by product. In FontLab it converts a freehand gesture into curves and line segments without asking you to think about node types. In Fontographer it is one of three outline drawing tools, beside Pen and Rapid. In Vexy Lines it creates and edits Handmade fills as vector lines. In Vexy Vextra it is the Correcting Pencil, which redraws part of an existing path as readily as it starts a new one.
Power Brush	power calligraphic brush	超能画笔	proposed	No attestation; house voice. 超能 is the superhero-cartoon word for power (超能力); 强力 would read as an industrial rating and 能量 is the alternative.	A Power Brush is a brush whose width can vary along the contour through thickness points. It stays live until you expand it. The name is FontLab's, rendered in each language's house voice.
Power Guide	power guideline	超能参考线	proposed	No attestation; house voice, 超能 plus 参考线.	A Power Guide is a guide that nodes can link to, so moving the guide moves the linked nodes with it. FontLab uses it to keep a stem or a height consistent across a glyph. Each language renders the name with the same playful power.
Power Nudge	power push move	超能轻推	proposed	No attestation; house voice, 超能 plus 轻推.	Power Nudge distributes a move through a larger part of a contour by adjusting other nodes as well as the selected ones. FontLab and Vextra provide this editing mode. It differs from Nudge, which adjusts nearby handles. Power Nudge changes the geometry; inspect the result rather than promising an exactly preserved outline or a finished curve.
Power Stroke	power stroke outline	超能描边	proposed	No attestation; house voice, 超能 plus 描边. Inkscape's 神奇描边 names a different effect.	A Power Stroke is a stroke whose thickness varies along the path, controlled by thickness points you place with the Thickness tool. The related Power Brush does the same for a brush. Both are FontLab names, rendered in each language's house voice.
project		项目	approved	Team agreement recovered from Proteus QPH on 2026-10-04. Project names the editable document; do not replace it with package.	A FontLab project is the editable font document, including the active document in save/close prompts and the document saved to a VFJ/VFC file or project folder or connected to GitHub. Use the project term consistently in this UI. Do not call it a package. Python packages, UFO Packages, Glyphs Packages, and web-font distribution packages are different concepts and retain their format/software terminology. Internal package identifiers and file extensions are not translated.
property bar		属性栏	proposed	CorelDRAW zh-CN uses 属性栏 for its context-sensitive property bar; no type-tool attestation.	The property bar is FontLab's context-sensitive strip of controls for the current tool or selection. Name the required selection or tool before referring to a control that appears only in that context. Use property bar for this product element; do not invent a universal rule that all toolbars have fixed contents.
quick measurement		快速测量	proposed	Built from 测量; no attestation for the compound.	The function that displays measurements near the pointer while editing outlines. It reports geometry on the canvas without changing the glyph spacing values.
redo		重做	proposed	Platform word in Apple, Adobe and Microsoft.	Redo reapplies an operation that was undone. Repeat invokes an operation again and is a separate command.
reference		引用	proposed	FontForge zh_CN uses 引用 for references to glyphs; 参考 means reference material.	A reference points to another object rather than being an independent copy of it. Name the referenced object when the context does not identify it.
Remove Overlap	merge overlapping contours	去除重叠	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 去除重叠; FontForge zh_CN has 移除重叠 and 合并重叠.	Remove Overlap combines overlapping filled contour regions and removes their internal boundaries. It changes contour structure, so keep an editable source when the construction matters. Variable fonts can contain overlaps; removing them independently from masters can break point correspondence and interpolation. Apply the command or export option for the intended format and workflow, rather than treating it as mandatory for every font.
repeat		重复	proposed	Platform word in Apple, Adobe and Microsoft; distinct from 重做 (redo).	Repeat invokes an operation again. Keep it distinct from Redo, which restores an operation after Undo.
reverse contour	flip drawing direction	反转轮廓方向	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans has 反转路径方向; 轮廓 replaces 路径 to match the chosen word for contour.	Reverse contour flips the winding direction of a contour. PostScript and TrueType outlines use opposite conventions, and a contour that runs the wrong way fills or unfills the wrong region.
Scissors		剪刀	proposed	The real tool's name, as in Illustrator.	The Scissors tool works on the joins in a path, and what it does with them differs by product. In FontLab it disconnects nodes into overlapping contours, creates overlaps, adds simple ink traps, and builds looped corners, with a toolbox of sub-tools under the Q shortcut. In Fontographer it breaks contours at selected points or segments, the targeted counterpart to Knife. In Vexy Vextra it extends and rebuilds path parts, building loop corners and joining open ends.
Servant node	Follower node	跟随节点	proposed	No attestation; translates the fallback Follower node as a node that follows movement, not the servant metaphor.	For localization, read the legacy English source label Servant node as Follower node: a follower physically following a leader. This node follows the movement of neighboring key nodes when you move them with Power Nudge, so a whole feature moves together. Translate the motion-following role; the servant and social fan/supporter metaphors are obsolete. The English term and servant-node identifier remain compatibility lookup keys.
Sigma		Sigma	do-not-translate		Sigma is the Fontographer tool for variable font interpolation paths, sitting in the toolbar beside Transform and Meter. You use it to work with how a design moves through its variation space rather than to edit a single outline. The name is a single capitalized word and it does not take the word tool inside its name: write the Sigma tool. It is a Fontographer term with no counterpart in the other products.
Sketchboard	scratch canvas	速写板	proposed	No attestation; house voice. 速写板 is the real board artists sketch on; 草稿板 is the alternative and 画板 is Illustrator's artboard.	The Sketchboard is FontLab's unlimited canvas, a working surface where you can place glyphs, drawings, and reference images side by side outside the fixed frame of a glyph window. You use it to compare shapes, to sketch before committing, and to lay out material that has no single glyph to live in. The name is one word, capital S, and it is a FontLab term: no other product in the family has the surface or the word.
Skin	wrapping outline	外皮	proposed	No attestation; house voice, the outer skin or peel of a thing, as Polish skórka. 皮肤 is the application-theme sense; 包边 is the descriptive alternative.	Skin is a FontLab live filter that wraps a contour with a stroke of variable thickness, or cuts it into dashes. Expand the filter to get plain contours. Each language renders the name in the house voice.
smart	clever	机灵	proposed	No attestation; house voice. The plain word for quick-witted with a hint of cunning; 智能, the industry habit (Glyphs 智能部件, Adobe 智能对象), means intelligent and is ruled out by the principles. 聪明 is the alternative.	Smart prefixes FontLab features that decide details for you: Smart Corner, Smart Filter, Smart Pencil, Smart Link, smart fill. Usually translate the word as clever with a hint of cunning. Follow separately approved feature names: the Russian and Ukrainian Smart Filter terms are explicit exceptions.
Smart Corner	clever corner	机灵角	proposed	House voice: 机灵 plus 角 (Glyphs 3 zh-Hans calls a corner 角); 智能 is ruled out by the principles.	A Smart Corner is a live treatment applied at a node, so a corner can be rounded, cut, or turned into an ink trap without the outline being redrawn. The treatment stays editable: change the value and the corner updates, and the underlying contour keeps its nodes. You apply it at the node rather than to the whole contour. FontLab groups it with Ink Traps among its live filters, and Vextra carries the same name.
Smart Filter		机灵筛选器	proposed	Named glyph-selection filter; not a graphical live effect. Match this term in the Font window, Aidus settings, dialogs and help.	A Smart Filter selects glyphs in the Font window using a saved condition. It filters the glyph list rather than changing outlines or applying graphical effects. Follow the language core for its name: Russian and Ukrainian have explicit feature-specific translations that differ from other Smart names.
spacing controls	side space handles	间距手柄	proposed	No attestation; fallback side space handles translated with 手柄.	Spacing controls are the on canvas handles in the Metrics tool that let you drag sidebearings and advance widths directly in the text.
sticker		贴纸	proposed	Apple zh-CN uses 贴纸 for a movable visual note.	A sticker is a visual note you place on a glyph in FontLab, such as a checkmark or a comment, to mark work in progress. Stickers are annotations, not font data, and are not exported.
tab		标签页	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans uses 标签页 for document tabs; Microsoft's 选项卡 suits dialog tabs, and 制表符 is the tab character.	A tab selects one page or document within a set. A tab character in text is a different meaning and must retain its literal representation in code.
text element	text block	文本元素	proposed	Built from 文本 and 元素; Apple uses the same phrase.	A text element is a live element that renders a string of text from another font inside a glyph. Expanding it converts the letters into contours; FontLab uses it for placeholders and quick layout tests.
thickness		粗细	proposed	Adobe and Krita use 粗细 for stroke thickness; kept apart from 字重 (weight).	Thickness is the geometric distance across a stroke or shape. It is distinct from a typeface weight classification or weight axis.
Transform		变换	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Adobe use 变换.	Transform moves, scales, rotates, slants, or flips a selection. In FontLab the Transform panel applies a numeric transformation to glyphs, elements, or a selection, and it can run across a whole font. In Fontographer the Transform tool sits in the toolbar beside Meter and Sigma. In Vexy Lines the Transform tool manipulates artwork on the canvas. A panel, a tool, and a tool again: name the app and name the surface.
transformation		变换	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans and Adobe use 变换 for the noun as well as the command.	A transformation changes geometry, for example by moving, scaling, rotating or skewing it. Transform names the operation; transformation names the change.
True Fill	final black rendering	如实填充	proposed	No attestation; house voice. 如实 (as it truly is) keeps the wink of True without the flat 真实填充.	True Fill is a Glyph window view that renders the glyph as it will fill when exported, honoring contour direction and overlaps, instead of the editing preview. Each language renders the name in the house voice.
uncheck		取消勾选	proposed	Common wording for clearing a checkbox; Microsoft's 取消选中 is close to deselecting an object.	Uncheck clears a selected checkbox. The resulting behavior depends on the option controlled by that checkbox.
Vexy coins		Vexy coins	do-not-translate		Vexy coins are credits used to pay for applicable Fontographer operations. Keep Vexy capitalized and coins lowercase in English. The common noun may translate around the protected Vexy name. State a confirmed charge before the reader performs the operation, and distinguish the credit balance from money, a licence or an account.
waterfall	size ladder preview	瀑布	proposed	Apple Font Book uses 瀑布式 for its waterfall sample; the bare noun is kept and 瀑布图 (a chart type) rejected.	A waterfall shows the same glyph or text at a series of sizes, one line per size, to judge spacing and rendering across sizes. The Preview panel and the TrueType hinting tool provide one.
weight		字重	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans, Counterpunch (zh) and Words of Type (zh) use 字重; 粗细 is thickness.	Weight describes the relative heaviness of a typeface or a value on its weight axis. It is distinct from a measured stroke thickness.
whitespace		空白字符	proposed	Standard programming term; Blender uses the same.	Whitespace is text made up of spacing characters rather than visible letterforms. Preserve literal characters when they form part of code, keys or file content.

Vector drawing

English	Fallback	Chinese (Simplified)	Status	Note	Definition
Appearance panel		外观面板	proposed	Adobe Illustrator zh-CN names the panel 外观; 面板 follows the panel term.	The Appearance panel is Illustrator's list of what is applied to the selected object: its fills, its strokes, and its live effects, in the order they stack. You send a reader there to confirm that a Vexy effect is present, to reorder it against a stroke, or to remove it. It belongs to Illustrator rather than to our products, so its name keeps Illustrator's capitalization and never takes a short form of our making.
autotrace	bitmap to outline conversion	自动描摹	proposed	Adobe Illustrator zh-CN uses 描摹 for tracing a bitmap (图像描摹); FontForge's 自动追踪 and Inkscape's 自动白描 rejected.	Autotrace converts a bitmap into vector paths by finding the edges in the image and fitting curves to them. The result depends on what you feed it: a clean, high contrast source traces well, and a soft or noisy one produces nodes nobody wants to edit. You prepare the image first, trace, then simplify. Tracing to outlines gives closed shapes with two edges, and tracing to centerlines gives single paths with a stroke.
centerline		中心线	proposed	Standard drafting and CAD word for a line down the middle of a stroke; Microsoft's 中线 rejected because it also names the mean line.	A centerline runs down the middle of a stroke rather than around its edge, so the result is a single path with a stroke weight instead of a closed outline. Tracing to centerlines suits line art, engravings, and anything that was drawn as strokes in the first place. You choose it over outline tracing when the artwork will be scaled or restroked later, since a centerline keeps one editable path where an outline gives you two edges to maintain.
clipping mask		剪切蒙版	proposed	Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop zh-CN use 剪切蒙版; Microsoft's 剪切蒙板 is a spelling variant.	A clipping mask is a shape that limits what is visible of the elements below it. Name the application: in FontLab it is an element property; a FontLab Mask layer is something else.
control point	control handle point	控制点	proposed	Universal: FontForge zh_CN, Blender, Microsoft; Words of Type (zh) glosses the handle as 贝齐耶控制点.	A control point is an off-curve point that pulls a Bézier segment toward itself without lying on the outline. You drag it to change the curvature between two nodes. FontLab shows control points as handles attached to their nodes, so in interface text the handle is what you drag and the control point is what the file stores.
Fill Grid	grid of fill lines	填充网格	proposed	No attestation; literal rendering of the Linestra panel area, from 填充 and 网格.	The Fill Grid is the area of the Linestra panel where you choose a fill mode from a grid of previews. Below it sit the parameter rows, which hold Thickness, Spacing, Angle, Organic, Brightness, Contrast, and Source Levels. You pick in the grid first, because the parameter rows change with the mode you choose. Both words are capitalized: it is a named part of the interface rather than a description of a grid.
fill mode	line fill style	填充模式	proposed	Apple Motion and Blender use 填充模式.	A fill mode is one of the named techniques that turn a source image into line work: Linear, Wave, Circular, Spiral, Halftone, Stipple, Hex, Contour, Low-Poly, Dither, Wireframe, Fractal, String Art, and ASCII among them. Each reads the brightness of the source and lays down geometry accordingly. You pick a mode, then tune its parameters. Write the mode name with its own capitalization and the words fill mode in lowercase after it.
G2 continuity		G2 连续	proposed	Standard CAD and geometry wording (G1 连续, G2 连续).	G2 continuity means two segments meet with matching curvature, not merely with matching direction. G1 keeps the tangent continuous and can still show a break in the reflection where the curvature jumps. G2 removes that break. Vextra marks G2 nodes and can enforce the condition as you edit. You reach for it on long, shallow curves and on shapes that will be seen large, where the eye finds a curvature break that it would miss at text size.
Live Effect	editable effect	实时效果	proposed	Adobe renders Live as 实时 (实时上色, 实时形状) and Effect as 效果; this is the Illustrator term.	A Live Effect is an Illustrator effect that stays editable on the object it is applied to, listed in the Appearance panel and recalculated whenever the artwork beneath it changes. Vexy Linestra runs as one, so its fills follow the source artwork rather than freezing into it. You apply it from the Effect menu, under Vexy, and you expand it only when you need the result as plain paths. Expanding ends the link.
off-curve point	point off the curve	曲线外点	proposed	Chinese TrueType documentation says 曲线外的点; compact form. Words of Type (zh) has 曲线外节点.	An off-curve point sits beside the outline and shapes a curve without touching it. A cubic segment has two, a quadratic segment one or more. FontLab shows them as handles. Use the term when the file structure is the subject; use handle when the reader drags something.
on-curve point	point on the curve	曲线上点	proposed	FontForge zh_CN has 曲线上的点; compact form, paired with 曲线外点.	An on-curve point lies on the outline itself and is where two segments meet. In FontLab it is a node; the term is used when the contrast with off-curve points matters, for example when a TrueType outline stores both kinds in one list. You place on-curve points at extremes so hinting and interpolation have stable anchors.
outline		轮廓	proposed	Glyphs 3 zh-Hans (填充轮廓, 扩展为轮廓), FontForge zh_CN, Apple and Words of Type (zh) use 轮廓; shares the word with contour.	An outline is the set of contours that describes a glyph's shape. Say outline for the whole drawing of a glyph and contour for one closed path inside it. Some languages have one word for both; French uses contour for each.
stroke		描边	proposed	Adobe and Glyphs 3 zh-Hans use 描边 for a stroke applied to a path; 笔画 is the stroke of a letter.	A stroke is the line drawn along a path, with a weight, a colour, and an alignment that puts it inside, outside, or centred on the path. It is not the fill, which covers the area the path encloses. In type design the same word means a main part of a letter. The localized vector term does not automatically apply to letter anatomy: PANOSE contrast and stem thickness describe letter strokes, not an outline effect. Use the established anatomical term in those contexts (for example Polish kreska or Ukrainian штрих).
stroke cap	stroke end cap	描边端点	proposed	InDesign and Illustrator zh-CN use 端点 for the stroke cap; kept apart from 末端 (terminal).	A stroke cap is the shape at the open end of a stroked path: flat, square or round. Start and end caps can differ, and a cap can be linked so both ends match.
stroke join	stroke corner shape	描边连接	proposed	InDesign zh-CN uses 连接 for the stroke join (斜接连接, 圆角连接).	A stroke join is the shape where two stroked segments meet at a corner: miter, round or bevel. It decides whether an outside corner is sharp, rounded or cut.
tangent node	straight-to-curve node	切线节点	proposed	Built from 切线 and 节点; FontForge zh_CN says 切点 and Blender 切向.	A tangent node joins a straight segment to a curve so the curve leaves along the line. Its one handle stays on the line's extension.
tonal map	darkness map	色调图	proposed	No attestation; 色调 is Adobe's word for tone (色调曲线, 色调映射).	A tonal map is the reading of brightness across a source image that a fill uses to decide where to put geometry. Dark areas widen a strip or crowd a pattern; light areas narrow or thin it. You control the mapping with the Brightness, Contrast, and Source Levels rows, which change what counts as dark before any geometry is drawn. Adjust the map rather than the fill when the result is uniformly too heavy or too sparse.
Tunni line		Tunni 线	proposed	Eponym kept in Latin script; 线 for line.	A Tunni line joins the two handles of a curve segment, with a control on it that Vextra draws as a pill. Drag the control and both handles move in proportion, so the depth of the curve changes without its balance changing. You use it when a curve is the right shape but the wrong fullness, which is the correction that is slowest to make one handle at a time. Named after Eduardo Tunni, so keep the capital T.