Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan) style guide¶

Characters¶

Country/region: Kyrgyzstan.
Lower-case: а, б, в, г, д, е, ѐ, ж, з, и, й, к, л, м, н, ң, о, ө, п, р, с, т, у, ҥ, ф, х, ц, ч, ш, щ, ъ, ы, ь, э, ю, я
Upper-case: А, Б, В, Г, Д, Е, Ё, Ж, З, И, Й, К, Л, М, Н, Ң, О, Ө, П, Р, С, Т, У, Ҥ, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Ъ, Ы, Ь, Э, Ю, Я
Caseless-script characters: n/a. Extended Latin characters: n/a.
Total number of characters: 36.
Alphabetical order is not necessarily the sorting order.
Unicode codes: А 0410, а 0430, Б 0411, б 0431, В 0412, в 0432, Г 0413, г 0433, Д 0414, д 0434, Е 0415, е 0435, Ё 0401, ѐ 0451, Ж 0416, ж 0436, З 0417, з 0437, И 0418, и 0438, Й 0419, й 0439, К 041A, к 043A, Л 041B, л 043B, М 041C, м 043C, Н 041D, н 043D, Ң 04A2, ң 04A3, О 041E, о 043E, Ө 04E8, ө 04E9, П 041F, п 043F, Р 0420, р 0440, С 0421, с 0441, Т 0422, т 0442, У 0423, у 0443, Ҥ 04AE, ҥ 04AF, Ф 0424, ф 0444, Х 0425, х 0445, Ц 0426, ц 0446, Ч 0427, ч 0447, Ш 0428, ш 0448, Щ 0429, щ 0449, Ъ 042A
Use ҥ, ө, ң only where the rules of Кыргыз тилинин орфографиясы require them.
Use them to clarify the reading of rare words: река Соң Көл
Ц, Щ, Ъ, Ь are used in official language and in words that came from other languages.
Use ҥ, ө, ң in materials for primary and secondary school students and in reference materials such as dictionaries.

Date¶

Calendar: Gregorian calendar, григорианский календарь.
First day of the week: Дҥйшөмбҥ (Monday).
First week of the year: first week in the calendar, 1^st of January.
Separator: . (a period).
Default short date format: dd.MM.yy. Example: 17.03.11
Default long date format: d-MMMM yyyy-ж. where ж. abbreviates жыл (year). It follows the year number after a space. Example: 17-март 2011-ж
Additional short date format 1 (medium, Excel, Access): dd-MMM yy. Example: 17-мар 11
Additional short date format 2: n/a. Additional long date formats 1 and 2: n/a.
Leading zero in day field for short date: Yes. Leading zero in month field for short date: Yes.
Digits for year in short date: 2.
Leading zero in day field for long date: No. Leading zero in month field for long date: n/a.
Digits for year in long date: 4.
Date format for correspondence: dd.MM.yyyy. Example: 17.03.2011
Format codes: d = day (d = digits without leading zero, dd = digits with leading zero, ddd = abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name).
M = month (M = digits without leading zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = abbreviated name, MMMM = full name).
y = year (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits).

Time¶

24 hour format: Yes.
Standard time format: hh:mm:ss. Example: 09:20:31
Time separator: colon :. Example: 09:20:31
Hours leading zero: Yes. Example: 09:20:31
String for AM designator: n/a. String for PM designator: n/a.
Separate milliseconds with a comma: 03:24:12,09

Days¶

Monday: Дҥйшөмбҥ, Дш
Tuesday: Шейшемби, Шш
Wednesday: Шаршемби, Шр
Thursday: Бейшемби, Бш
Friday: Жума, Жм
Saturday: Ишемби, Иш
Sunday: Жекшемби, жк
First day of week: Дҥйшөмбҥ (Monday).
First letter capitalized: No.
Capitalize day names in the calendar and standing alone. Do not capitalize them mid-sentence.

Months¶

January: traditional бирдин айы, standard for ICT январь, abbreviated янв, long date form январь
February: traditional жалган куран, standard for ICT февраль, abbreviated фев, long date form февраль
March: traditional чын куран, standard for ICT март, abbreviated мар, long date form март
April: traditional бугу, standard for ICT апрель, abbreviated апр, long date form апрель
May: traditional кулжа, standard for ICT май, abbreviated май, long date form май
June: traditional теке, standard for ICT июнь, abbreviated июн, long date form июнь
July: traditional баш оона, standard for ICT июль, abbreviated июл, long date form июль
August: traditional аяк оона, standard for ICT август, abbreviated авг, long date form август
September: traditional тогуздун айы, standard for ICT сентябрь, abbreviated сен, long date form сентябрь
October: traditional жетинин айы, standard for ICT октябрь, abbreviated окт, long date form октябрь
November: traditional бештин айы, standard for ICT ноябрь, abbreviated ноя, long date form ноябрь
December: traditional ҥчтҥн айы, standard for ICT декабрь, abbreviated дек, long date form декабрь
First letter capitalized: No.
Capitalize month names in the calendar and standing alone. Do not capitalize them mid-sentence.
Use the long date form with a dash between date and month: January, 12 -> 12-январь. The full form stays январь.

Phone numbers¶

International dialing code: +996
Area codes used: Yes. Digits in area codes: 3; 4; 5. Separator: hyphen.
Domestic: 8; 9; 10 digits. Groupings: (###) ######, (####) #####
Local: 5; 6; 7 digits. Groupings: ###-##-##, ##-##-##, #-##-##
Mobile: 9 digits. Groupings: (###) ## ## ##, (###) ### ###
International: 10; 11; 12; 14 digits. Groupings: (+996-###) ######, (+996-####) #####, (+996-###) ### ###, (+996-####) ## ###, (+996-###) ## ## ##
Maximum length of a local number, used within the city, is 6 digits. Smaller cities use 5.
Minimum length of an area code is 3 digits. Smaller cities use 4 or 5.
Mobile numbers always have a federal format number, always +996 (###) ###-##-##.
Mobile numbers may also have a domestic format number, with the same format and dialing rules as fixed phones.

Addresses¶

Never use the address data in this section as fictitious information.
Format: 1. [Country] 2. Postal code 3. City 4. Address: name of the street, house number, apartment number 5. [Company] 6. [Title/Honorific] LastName FirstName [MiddleName]
Items in brackets are optional.
Example address: Кыргыз Республикасы, 720000, Бишкек шаары, Ала Тоо көч. ҥ.307, кв. 2, ОСОО ―Макрософт Кыргыз‖, Асанов А. А.
First name and middle name are sometimes abbreviated: Асанов А.А. instead of Асанов Азамат Асанович
Always abbreviate шаар (city), ҥй (house), квартира (apartment), корпус (building), курулуш (building): ш., ҥ., кв., к., кур.
Street can be көчө, проспект, переулок, шоссе, тупик.
City can be шаар, ―село‖ айыл.
State or region can be республика, аймак, область, район.
Include the country in international addresses only.
This format is the official one used by Кыргыз почтасы.

Currency¶

Currency name: сом. Symbol: сом.
Put the currency after the amount, always with a space between amount and currency.
Positive currency format: 123 456,15 сом
Negative sign symbol: - (minus symbol). No space between minus and amount.
Negative currency format: -123 456,15 сом
Decimal symbol: , (comma). Digits after decimal: 2.
Digit grouping symbol: space. Digits in a group: 3.
Positive currency example: 123 456 789,00 сом
Negative currency example: -123 456 789,00 сом
ISO currency code: SОМ
Subunit name: Tyiyn- тыйын. Subunit symbol: тый.. Example: 50 тый.

Digit groups¶

Decimal separator: , comma. Examples: 123,45, 231 123,45 сом
Thousand separator: space. Example: 231 123,45 сом
Use a period in product versions only: MS-DOS 6.22, Windows 3.11
You may omit the thousand separator for numbers with 4 digits in the integer part.
Numbers not in regular text may or may not have thousand separators. Values in Excel do not.

Measurement units¶

Metric system commonly used: Yes. Temperature: Celsius.
Linear measure: Kilometer -> километр, км; Meter -> метр, м; Decimeter -> дециметр, дм; Centimeter -> сантиметр, см; Millimeter -> миллиметр, мм
Capacity: Hectoliter -> гектолитр, гл; Liter -> литр, л; Deciliter -> децилитр, дл; Centiliter -> сантилитр, сл; Milliliter -> миллилитр, мл
Mass: Ton -> тонна, т; Kilogram -> килограмм, кг; Pound -> фунт, ф; Gram -> грамм, г; Decigram -> дециграмм, дг; Centigram -> сантиграмм, сг; Milligram -> миллиграмм, мг
English units: Inch -> дюйм, "; Feet -> фут, фт.; Mile -> миля, n/a; Gallon -> галлон, n/a
Use " instead of дюйм only when the full word is technically impossible, for example under length restrictions or when the English source string with " is locked.

Percentages¶

In documentation, including online documents, separate % from the number with a non-breaking space: 10 %
No space in adjectives derived from процент: 100%
No space before % in software and in references to the user interface in documentation.

Sorting¶

Sorting order: special characters, digits, Kyrgyz letters, English letters. Alphabetize international characters with the English equivalent.
Capital and lowercase letters are equal. If two words differ only in case, the word with the capital letter comes first: Ысык Kөл precedes Ысык, and Kөл.
Е (е) and Ё (ѐ) sort as the same letter: Ель, ѐмкость
If words differ only in е/ѐ, the one with е goes first: Лет, лѐт
Other accented characters are equal to non-accented characters: é and e are equal.
Non-alphabetical characters such as @ ! # sort before the letters of the alphabet.
Digits sort after the non-alphabetical characters and before the letters of the alphabet.
Character sorting order: А (0410) а (0430) Б (0411) б (0431) В (0412) в (0432) Г (0413) г (0433) Д (0414) д (0434) Е (0415) е (0435) Ё (0401) ѐ (0451) Ж (0416) ж (0436) З (0417) з (0437) И (0418) и (0438) Й (0419) й (0439) К (041A) к (043A) Л (041B) л (043B) М (041C) м (043C) Н (041D) н (043D) Ң (04A2) ң (04A3) О (041E) о (043E) Ө (04E8) ө (04E9) П (041F) п (043F) Р (0420) р (0440) С (0421) с (0441) Т (0422) т (0442) У (0423) у (0443) Ҥ (04AE) ҥ (04AF) Ф (0424) ф (0444) Х (0425) х (0445) Ц (0426) ц (0446) Ч (0427) ч (0447) Ш (0428) ш (0448) Щ (0429) щ (0449) Ъ (042A) ъ (044A) Ы (042B) ы (044B) Ь (042C) ь (044C) Э (042D) э (044D) Ю (042E) ю (044E) Я (042F) я (044F)
Examples of sorted words: @, 1, аман, аралашуу, ата, бакыт, бала, билимдҥҥ, гҥл, даана, ден соолук, дуба, дҥйнө, жайлуу, жакшылык, жер, жумуш, жылкы, заар, заман, зергер, ийгилик, ириң, каалоо, керемет, китеп, кҥн, кымыз, лакап, маданият, мектеп, нан, от, өмҥр, пахта, расмий, сан, суу, сулуу, сҥйлөө, табият, той, тыбыш, узак, уя, ҥгҥт, ҥлгҥ, шакек, шарт, ыңгайлуу, ырахат, эл

Geopolitical concerns¶

Check maps, flags, country/region, city and language names, art and graphics, and cultural content for sensitive or offensive material.
Check maps and other graphic representations of countries and regions for accuracy and political restrictions.
Recheck country/region, city and language names for every release, even if previously approved. They change regularly.
Check religious symbols, body and hand gestures, clip art and other visuals against the target culture.

Adjectives¶

Translate English possessive adjectives as pronouns. Omit them where the possessive affix (-ңыз, -ым) on the noun already makes the sense clear.
Do not capitalize possessive pronouns mid-sentence.
Please open My computer -> (+) Компьютеримди ачыңыз
Do you want your application to close? -> (+) Колдонмоңузду жабууну каалайсызбы?

Articles¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Capitalization¶

Capitalize only the first letter of UI element names (commands, menus, dialog box titles) and program names: Таблица бийиктиги жана эни
Give referenced UI element names bold or italic formatting. If that is impossible, put them in quotes with an appropriate preceding descriptor.
Capitalize acronyms and proper names.
Capitalize all words in country and state names: Кыргыз Республикасы, Америка Кошмо Штаттары
Capitalize Интенет when it stands as an independent word.
Do not capitalize names of week days, months, nationalities, language names.
A capitalized source term does not have to be capitalized in Kyrgyz.
Mid-sentence, do not capitalize web: (+) веб-баракты колдонуңуз -> (-) Веб-баракты колдонбоңуз
Do not capitalize names of modes and wizards referred to descriptively: (+) окуу ҥчҥн гана режиминен чыгуу -> (-) Окуу ҥчҥн гана режиминен чыгуу
Do not capitalize days, months, languages, nationalities, or adjectives derived from country names: (+) шейшемби, май, кыргыз, кыргыз тили япон компьютери -> (-) Шейшемби, Май, Кыргыз, Кыргыз тили Япон компьютери
In multi-word names capitalize only the first word: (+) Байланыш диспетчери -> (-) Байланыш Диспетчери
Do not capitalize chapter and other structure units: (+) Кошумча маалыматты 25 бөлҥмдөн караңыз. -> (-) Кошумча маалыматты 25 бөлҥмдөн караңыз
Do not capitalize Internet in compound words: (+) интернет-коому, интернет-дҥкөн -> (-) Интернет-Коом, Интернет-Дҥкөн
Use веб only in compound words: веб-барак. In simple words use Интернет: (+) Интернеттен издөө -> (-) Вебден издөө

Compounds¶

Keep compounds understandable and clear. Avoid overly long or complex compounds. Unintuitive compounds hurt intelligibility and usability.
Internet Accounts -> (+) Интернет каттоо жазуулары
Workgroup Administrator -> (+) Жумушчу топ жетекчиси
Internet News Server Name -> (+) Интернет серверинин жаңы аты
Website -> (+) Веб- тҥйҥн

Gender¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Genitive¶

Untranslated product names take no genitive s. Add to such a name with a hyphen or a periphrastic construction.
Attach suffixes to an untranslated stem with the English apostrophe ‗.
Messenger‘деги достор means Friends in Messsenger.
Windows Live'ке сактоо means To save in Windows Live.

Modifiers¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Nouns¶

Treat all program components and applications, such as wizards, agents, clients, browsers, as unanimated nouns.
орнотуу чебери (эмне?), байланыш (эмне?) тҥзҥҥ -> not (-) чеберди (эмнени?)орнотуу, байланышты (эмнени?) тҥзҥҥ
Use the ‗ sign to add the appropriate suffix to untranslated trade marks and product names.
The operation you selected will not complete until you restart Microsoft Outlook. -> Майкрософт Outlook’ту кайра баштамайын, белгилеген аракетиңиз аягына чыкпайт.
Standardized plural forms: computer, machine -> (+) компьютер, (+) компьютерлер
driver -> (+) драйвер, (+) драйверлер
server -> (+) сервер, (+) серверлер
wizard -> (+) чебер, (+) чеберлер

Prepositions¶

Kyrgyz has no prepositions. Use affixes instead. Do not omit them and do not change the word order under English influence.
move to a new location -> (+) жаңы жайгашууга жылдыруу
move from a new location -> (+) жаңы жайгашуудан жылдыруу
update to a newer version -> (+) жаңыраак версияга жаңыртуу
upgrade toa newer version -> (+) жаңыраак версияга өркҥндөтҥҥ
change to text -> (+) текстке өзгөртҥҥ
click on button -> (+) баскычты баскылоо
connect to Internet -> (+) Интернетке туташуу
welcome to wizard -> (+) чеберге кош келиңиз

Pronouns¶

Do not capitalize сиз, сиздин mid-sentence in documentation, software, or materials addressed to users in general.
Capitalize them in private and business letters addressed to specific people.
Avoid сиз, сиздин, сизге wherever possible. Use neutral structures and passive voice instead.
Use your mouse to draw circles on the page. -> (+) Баракка тегеректи тартуу ҥчҥн чычканды колдонуңуз. -> (-) Баракка тегеректи тартуу ҥчҥн сиздин чычканды колдонуңуз.
You must first select a name in the To or Cc box. -> (+) Биринчи "Кимге" же "Көчҥрҥҥ".кутусунда атты белгилешиңиз керек. -> (-) Биринчи "Кимге" же "Көчҥрҥҥ".кутусунда атты сиз белгилешиңиз керек.
You cannot select any names now. -> (+) Эч бир атты белгилей албайсыз. -> (-) Эч бир атты сиз белгилей албайсыз.
The settings you changed will not take effect until you restart Microsoft NetMeeting. -> (+) Өзгөртҥлгөн орнотуулар Microsoft NetMeeting‘ди кайра жҥргҥзгөндөн кийин гана иштейт. -> (-) Сиз өзгөрткөн орнотуулар сиз Microsoft NetMeeting‘ди кайра жҥргҥзгөндөн кийин гана иштейт.
Would you like to add %s to your SpeedDial list? -> (+) Тез чакыргыч тизмесине %s‘ти кошууну каалайсызбы? -> (-) Тез чакыргыч тизмесине сиз %s‘ти кошууну каалайсызбы?
Use you/your in the translation when it indicates direction.
You are about to join a new meeting. You will lose the messages that are currently displayed. Do you want to save the current messages? -> (+) Сиз жаңы жолугушууга кошулганы жатасыз. Учурдагы билдирҥҥлөрҥңҥз жоголуп кетиши мҥмкҥн. Учурдагы билдирҥҥлөрҥңҥздҥ сактайсызбы?
Kyrgyz marks possessive pronouns with suffixes on the word stem, not with separate words.

Punctuation¶

Put commas before and after мисалы: (+) Мисалы, бул уяча беттен алынып калса, ал аткарылбай калышы мҥмкҥн.
(+) Файлды кысуу аткарылбайт, мисалы, кысылган файлдарды кайра жөнөтҥҥдө.
Inside a parenthetic construction use commas as usual: (+) Кээ бир элементтерди (мисалы, жөнөтҥҥ тизмелерин) vCard‘га экспорттоо аткарылбай жатат.
Use no commas with жарыяланбаган боюнча: (+) Жарыяланбаган боюнча маани REG_SZ барабар болуп эсептелет. -> (-) Жарыяланбаган боюнча,маани REG_SZ барабар болуп эсептелет.
Replace a colon after alerting words like Attention, Warning, Caution with an exclamation mark: Warning: -> (+) Эскертҥҥ! -> (-) Эскертҥҥ:
Do not capitalize regular text after a colon. Such capitalization is a language error.
This does not apply to lists and direct speech. If a colon is followed by a new paragraph, it can start with a capital letter.
Use the hyphen to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to connect the parts of an inverted or imperative verb form.
Put no spaces before or after a hyphen. Never use a hyphen instead of a dash: (+) интернет-дҥкөн
Use the en dash as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after. Omit the space when the minus shows a negative number: (+) 1 – 2 = –1
Use the en dash in number ranges with no spaces around it: (+) 10–20 беттерди караңыз.
Use the em dash only to emphasize an isolated element or to introduce an element that is not essential to the meaning.
Put no space before an ellipsis: (+) Алуучулардын тизмесин басып чыгаруу...
Put a period at the end of each sentence.
Put no period in abbreviations of measurement units: sm, kg
If bulleted items are complete sentences, end each with a period.
If bulleted items continue an introductory clause, use no period.
For list items that are neither sentences nor continuations of sentences, such as chapters, sections, products, system requirements, use no period.
If your translation is longer than the US text, or you split it into several independent sentences, insert a period where it improves Kyrgyz style.
Never put a period after just one word.
The same convention applies to instruction lists, captions, and callouts.
Use quotation marks for UI items such as menus and commands when they have no special formatting.
In software, product help and web pages use straight quotation marks, same as English. Do not use single quotation marks.
In documentation use chevrons, with straight quotation marks inside: «баскыч "Даяр"»
When double quotation marks are technically impossible, find a workaround to display "…" or «»: two sequenced single quote characters '', or code such as " in HTML.
Put no space between the parentheses and the text inside them.
If parentheses enclose part of the sentence, put the full stop after the closing bracket: (+) Улантуу ҥчҥн, «Кийинки» баскычын басыңыз (продукт ачкычы талап кылынышы мҥмкҥн).

Singular and plural¶

In English compound nouns and noun phrases the first noun is often singular though plural is meant. Translate such nouns with plural forms.
Template wizard -> (+) Шаблондор чебери -> (-) Шаблон чебери
When English offers a choice between singular and plural, use plural, unless singular is more likely. Do not add the plural ending in brackets.
Browse to the driver(s), and then click OK -> (+) Драйверлерди карап чыгып, жана андан соң ОК‘ди баскылаңыз -> (-) Драйвер(лерди) карап чыгып, жана андан соң ОК‘ди баскылаңыз

Split infinitive¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Subjunctive¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Symbols and non-breaking spaces¶

Use a non-breaking space (CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR) in any abbreviation.
Where non-breaking spaces are impossible, for example in Help files, write these abbreviations without a space so one letter does not move to the next line.

Syntax¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Verbs¶

An English verb can enter Kyrgyz as a loan word. Such loan words follow Kyrgyz syntax and morphology.
format -> (+) форматтоо, форматталды, форматталууда
Translate an English gerund for a continuous operation as a Kyrgyz gerund.
Sending a file… -> (+) Файлды жөнөтҥҥдө…
Downloading an application… -> (+) Колдонмону жҥктөөдө…

Word order¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Audience¶

Match the target audience. Learning materials for new users are more direct and friendly. IT Pro materials are more formal.

Style¶

Do not use colloquial, slang, local, poetic or rare words and expressions, or anything outside standard literary language.

Tone¶

Use formal tone. In online materials the tone can be friendlier.

Voice¶

Use passive voice rather than active voice, even where English uses active.
You are now connected to the Internet. -> (+) Интернет туташтырылды. -> (-) Сиз интерентке туташтыңыз

General considerations¶

Write as if the text was originally written in Kyrgyz. Keep it accurate, correct and clear. Avoid wordiness and word-by-word translation.
Translate all English text. Omit or add text only for a specific reason, checked with the project team. The translation must reflect product functionality correctly.
Adapt the text to local language, customs and localization standards. Use Kyrgyz names: Edward -> Азиз, New York -> Бишкек
Do not translate every word. Use the style natural for Kyrgyz: No connection, thank you -> (+) Туташуу жок -> (-) Туташуу жок, рахмат
Use terminology consistently within one component, across components (software, help, documentation), and across products. Keep style and register consistent. Translate similar phrases consistently.

Abbreviations¶

Abbreviate in the UI, mainly button or option names, only for lack of space or to avoid grammatically wrong structures.
Never abbreviate arbitrarily. Use only the accepted abbreviations below.
страница -> (+) стр.
рисунок -> (+) сҥр.
смотрите -> (+) кар.
и так далее -> (+) ж.б.
и тому подобное -> (+) ж.у.с.
час -> (+) с.
минута -> (+) мин.
секунда -> (+) сек.
год -> (+) ж.
месяц -> (+) айы.
неделя -> (+) жм.
день -> (+) к.
килобайт -> (+) КБ
мегабайт -> (+) МБ
килобит -> (+) кбит

Accessibility¶

Accessibility products and services for people with disabilities, single-handed or with hearing or motion disabilities, may not be available in Kyrgyzstan. Remove these references from Kyrgyz text where necessary.

Acronyms¶

Acronyms are words made from the initial letters of the major parts of a compound term: ASAP (As soon as possible), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), ОЗУ (оперативдҥҥ эс тҥзмөгҥ), RAM (Random Access Memory).
Translate English acronyms that have a well-known Kyrgyz translation. Add no ending to acronyms.
OS -> (+) ОС, full form Оперативдик система
PC -> (+) ПК, full form Персоналдык компьютер
Keep acronyms with no established translation in English. Add no ending.
The main word of the full translation sets the gender of the acronym. In text use a descriptor word, usually that main word, to carry the declination, or use neutral constructions.
Omit the descriptor under length restrictions, for example in UI, or when the text sounds awkward. Keep it when the grammatical form of the acronym, for example its case, is otherwise impossible to determine.
Position and dash in complex words with English acronyms depend on the noun.
дарек: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) IP-дарек, (+) IPv4-дарек
жаздыруу: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) WINS-жаздыруусу
сурам: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) DHCP-сурамы
аймак: without a dash, after the acronym: (+) DNS аймагы
аты: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) NetBIOS-аты
Кардар, except with product names: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) RAS-кардары, COM-кардары. Exception: кардар COM+
Кардар with product names: without a dash, after the acronym: (+) UNIX кардары
Багыт: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) OSPF-багыты
багыттоочу: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) IP-багытоочусу
модель: without a dash, after the acronym: (+) COM модели
таңгак: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) IP-таңгагы, UDP- таңгагы
протокол: without a dash, протоколу: (+) IP протоколу, DHCP протоколу
тираждоо: without a dash, before the acronym: (+) WINS-тираждоосу, DNS-тираждоосу
сервер, except with product names: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) DHCP-сервери, RAS-сервери, OLE-сервери
сервер with product names: without a dash, after the acronym: (+) UNIX сервери, Windows сервер
кызмат: without a dash, after the acronym: (+) RAS кызматы, SNMP кызматы
том: without a dash, before the acronym: (+) том NTFS
файл: with a dash, after the acronym: (+) DOC-файлы, OSDX-файлы

Applications, products, and features¶

Verify that an application, product or feature name is translatable and not protected before translating it. Feature names are sometimes trademarked too, for example IntelliSense™.
Localize product names that are well localizable or contain a well localizable part.
Always translate the preposition for in product names, unless the whole name including for is trademarked or copyrighted: Word for Windows -> Windows ҥчҥн Word

Frequent errors¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Glossaries¶

Take translations of terms and UI elements from approved terminology.

Fictitious information¶

Fictitious content is legally sensitive. Never create your own fictitious names.
Use the source names or the list of legally approved names.
Ask the product team how to handle fictitious companies, names, addresses, email addresses and phone numbers, and whether localized fictitious content is required.

Recurring patterns¶

Does not apply to Kyrgyz.

Standardized translations¶

Standardized translations appear throughout this guide. The most relevant topics are: the importance of standardization, standard phrases in error messages, standard phrases in documentation.

User interface¶

Translate menu names and Ribbon tab names consistently across all localized products. The same US term gets the same translation everywhere.
Translate menu items and Ribbon tabs with nouns in the nominative case. Where a noun is impossible, use a verb in the infinitive or another part of speech.
Translate command names consistently across all localized products.
Translate verb command names as verbs, always in the infinitive: Save -> Сактоо, Cut -> Кесҥҥ, Paste -> Коюу
Translate noun command names as nouns, always in the nominative case: List -> Тизме, Break -> ҥзҥлҥшҥ
Exceptions: About <program name> -> Программа жөнҥндө, What is it? -> Бул эмне?
касиеттер is a noun, кесҥҥ is a verb.
Use consistent terminology and language style in all dialog boxes, and keep them consistent with other localized applications. This matters most for common dialog boxes found in several applications, such as Spelling (Орфография) or Editing format (Форматты тууралоо).
Translate main dialog box titles as nouns wherever possible: Форматты тууралоо, Учурашуу экраны
Legacy exception: Табуу жана алмаштыруу
Dialog box options group headings can be grammatically connected to the options they represent, for example Колонтитулдарды айырмалоо | жуп жана так беттер | биринчи бетинин, or not, for example Бөлҥм | Бөлҥмдҥ баштоо эмес, whichever saves space or gives more clarity.
Do not capitalize check box or radio button names that form a list. Where they do not form a list, they can start with a capital letter.
Dialog box tabs are usually nouns, always in the nominative case. Verb infinitives can also be used. In rare cases use adjectives, for example Жалпы.
Translate verb button names as verbs: Cut -> Кесҥҥ, Remove -> Алып салуу
Translate noun button names as nouns: Help -> Жардам, Keyboard -> Баскыч топ. The same applies to other parts of speech: General -> Жалпы
Exceptions: Cancel -> Жокко чыгаруу, New -> Тҥзҥҥ
Translate the standard button OK with Kyrgyz letters: ОК. Not doing so when an access key is present, usually on К (О&К), is a style error.
List titles and list elements take no inflection to reflect their connection. Still make them as grammatically connected as possible: adjectives take the same gender as the nouns they modify.
Start column and row titles in tables with capital letters and end them with no punctuation mark.
When table items are complete sentences, start each with a capital letter and end with a period.
When table items are not complete sentences, start with small letters and use no period. Keep the whole column consistent, either all small or all capital.
Be consistent in how you translate verbs in error messages.
In Kyrgyz you can omit the verb be. Omitting it does not change the meaning of the source string. Be consistent across all error messages.
Be concise without changing the meaning of the source string.
The document is too large. / Document too large. -> (+) Документ өтө чоң.
Access was denied. / Access denied. -> (+) Мҥмкҥндҥк алынган жок., (?)Мҥмкҥндҥк алуу кабыл алынган жок. In complete sentences use verbs and the same tense as the source.
A problem occurred while trying to connect to the network share '%1!s!'. -> (+) '%1!s!' жалпы желесине туташууда маселе пайда болду. Shorten and rephrase to A problem occurred while connecting to the network share '%1!s!' if necessary.
An unknown error has occurred. / No error occurred. -> (+) Белгисиз ката кетти./Ката кеткен жок. Shorten to Unknown error. / No error where possible.

Messages¶

Use no extra words that add nothing to the meaning and are not needed for the grammatical structure.
Do you want to save the current list of messages? -> (+) Учурдагы тизмени сактоо керекпи? -> (-) Учурдагы тизмени сактоону сиз каалайсызбы?
Translate an English gerund for a continuous operation with a reflexive verb.
Printing document -> (+) Документ басып чыгарылууда
Downloading page -> (+) Барак жҥктөлҥҥдө
Converting file -> (+) Файл кайра тҥзҥҥлҥҥдө
The literal translation of please as суранам is out of place. Do not overuse it.
Please wait a minute… -> Кҥтө туруңуз… or Кҥтө турууңузду суранам… where appropriate.
Translate Welcome to… as Сиз менен <application name>" саламдашууда, or omit it and leave only the product name, since the string is usually concatenated and grammar can break.
Microsoft Office‘тин сервер кеңейтҥҥлөрҥ becomes incorrect in the concatenated string Сиз менен Microsoft Office‘тин сервер кеңейтҥҥлөрҥ саламдашууда.

Status messages¶

A status bar message is an informational message about the active document, a selected command, or any active or selected interface item. It appears in the status bar at the bottom of the window. It refers to actions being performed or already complete.
English status bar messages take different forms. Kyrgyz menu and command status bar messages follow the format below.
Edit -> (+) Оңдоо, menu: Contains editing commands -> (+) Оңдоо командасын камтыйт
Copy to Folder... -> (+) Папкага көчҥрҥҥ..., menu: Copies the selected items to a new location -> (+) Жаңы жайгашууга белгиленген элементти көчҥрөт
New -> (+) Жаңы, command: Creates a new document -> (+) Жаңы документ тҥзөт
Make object visible? -> (+) Объектти көрсөтҥҥ керекпи?
Word is converting the document. Press Esc to stop. -> (+) Документ кайра тҥзҥлҥҥдө. Аны токтотуу ҥчҥн, Esc‗ти басыңыз.
Datasheet View -> (+) Берилмелер барагынын көрҥнҥшҥ
Done -> (+) Даяр
The US product often phrases messages of the same meaning differently. Use one standard Kyrgyz translation.
Press F1 to get Help / If you want Help press F1 / To get Help press F1 -> (+) Жардам алуу ҥчҥн F1 ди басыңыз.
Not enough memory / Insufficient memory / There is not enough memory -> (+) Эс жетишсиз.
Save changes to %1? / Do you want to save changes to %1? -> (+) Өзгөрҥҥлөрдҥ %1 ге сакттоону каалайсызбы?

Error messages¶

Error messages are sent by the system or a program to inform the user of an error that must be corrected for the program to keep running. They can prompt an action or report an error that requires rebooting.
Use consistent terminology and language style in error messages. Do not just translate them as they appear in the US product.
Many English error messages end with exclamation marks. Usually do not use them in Kyrgyz. Decide case by case.
Standardize standard phrases. The US sometimes uses different forms for the same thing.
Use the translations below in all new translations and fix them in legacy strings when string review is part of the project. No separate review request is needed as long as the legacy translation is correct.
An error occurred while… -> Ката кетти…: An error occurred while formatting the media. -> (+) Медиа тҥзмөгҥн форматтоодо ката кетти.
An error was detected… -> Ката табылды…: An error was detected while accessing the program configuration. -> (+) Программа конфигурациясына мҥмкҥндҥк алууда ката табылган.
Are you sure you want to … -> Чын эле…: Are you sure you want to delete… -> (+) Чын эле алып таштайсызбы…
Cannot … -> Болбой жатат…: Cannot configure… -> (+) Тууралоого болбой жатат…; Cannot determine… -> (+) Аныктоого болбой жатат…; Cannot load… -> (+) Жҥктөөгө болбой жатат…
Cannot (exceptions) -> Мҥмкҥн болбой жатат…, не может: Cannot divide by 0. -> (+) Нөлгө бөлҥҥгө мҥмкҥн эмес.; The password cannot be blank. -> (+) Жашыруун сөз бош болушу мҥмкҥн эмес.
Could not … / Unable to… / …was not able to… -> Жасалган жок…: Could not activate help. -> (+) Жардамды чакыра алган жок.; Unable to configure… -> (+) Конфигурациялай алган жок…; The system was unable to install your device. -> (+) Бул тҥзмөктҥ система орното алган жок.
Congratulations! -> omitted in translation: Congratulations! You have successfully installed the selected device! -> (+) Белгиленген тҥзмөктҥ ийгилитктҥҥ орноттуңуз!
Do you want to… -> omitted in translation: Do you want to convert this font to TrueType during installation? -> (+) Бул арипти орнотуу учурунда TrueType форматына кайра тҥзҥҥнҥ каалайсызбы?
Failed to … / Failure of … -> Аткарылган жок …: Failed to create directory for default service providers. -> (+) Жарыяланбаган кызмат провайдерлери ҥчҥн каталог тҥзҥлбҥй калды.; Failure of opening MAPI Forms Manager -> (+)MAPI формаларынын диспетчерин ача алган жок.
… failed. -> Жаңылды…: Remove operation failed. -> (+) Алып таштоо жаңылды.
In progress -> аткарылууда: Search in progress -> (+) Издөө аткарылууда
… is not available / … is unavailable -> Мҥмкҥндҥк жок: The requested resources were not available. -> (+) Суралган ресурстарга мҥмкҥндҥк жок.
There is not enough… / Not enough… -> Жетишсиз …: There is not enough memory available to perform this task. -> (+) Тапшырманы аткаруу ҥчҥн эс жетишсиз.
Find out what will replace a placeholder, so the sentence stays grammatical once it is replaced.
%d, %ld, %u, %lu mean <number>. %c means <letter>. %s means <string>.
Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d! means Checking Web <number> of <number>.
INI file "%1!-.200s!" section means INI file "<string>" section.
Replace invalid %s? shows as Replace invalid data? or Replace invalid file? -> (+) Жараксыз %s алмашабызбы?
%s already exists shows as File already exists or Name already exists -> (+) %s али бар экен -> (-) бар экен %s
%s is now set as your personal contact. shows as Regina is now set as your personal contact or Mr. Kim is now set as your personal contact -> (+) %s учурда Сиздин жеке байланышыңыз катары коюлду.
%s stopped working and was closed shows as The application stopped working and was closed or The program stopped working and was closed -> (+) %s ишин токтотуп жабылды

Keys¶

The keyboard is the primary input device for text input. Most actions can also be performed with the keyboard, for accessibility and efficiency.
English writes key names, such as arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, in normal text, not small caps. Capitalize all such references in Kyrgyz.
Always use the descriptor баскыч when referring to a key.
(+) ENTER баскычын басыңыз -> (-) ENTER‘ди басыңыз
(+) ALT+F3 баскычын басыңыз -> (-) ALT+F3 айкалыш баскычын басыңыз
(+) Сол ALT баскычын басыңыз or сол жактагы ALT‘ты басыңыз -> (-) сол ALT‘ты басыңыз.
Translate these key names. Leave all other key names unlocalized.
Space bar -> (+) Аралык панели
Up -> (+) Жогорку жебе
Down -> (+) Төмөнкҥ жак жебеси
Left -> (+) Сол жебе
Right -> (+) Оң жебе

Access keys and hot keys¶

Access keys are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes that run commands and perform tasks more quickly.
Assign access keys to Cyrillic letters or numbers, not Latin letters, so users need not switch keyboard layout.
A tool often assigns access keys automatically. Ask your manager whether you need to handle them.
Slim characters such as I, l, t, r, f as hot key: n/a, not applicable to Kyrgyz.
Characters with downstrokes such as д, р, у, ф, ц, щ, Д, Ц, Щ as hot keys: no. Assign one only when all other characters already have hot keys.
Extended characters as hot keys: n/a, not applicable to Kyrgyz.
An additional letter in brackets after the item name as hot key: no.
A number before the item name as hot key: yes. Use this workaround when only English words are available for an access key, as in protocol names.
A punctuation sign in brackets after the item name as hot key: no.
Duplicate hot keys when no other character is available: no.
No hot key assigned when no more characters are available, minor options only: yes.

Arrow key names¶

Localize and capitalize all arrow key names.

Shortcut notation¶

Use баскычтарды басуу when instructing the reader to press shortcut keys, rather than баскычтар айкалышын басуу. Separate simultaneous key names with a plus sign and no spaces.

Titles¶

English chapter titles often begin with How to …, Working with … or Using ….
How to create… -> (+) Кантип тҥзҥҥ керек… -> (-) Башкача тҥзҥҥ…
Troubleshooting Help headings often follow the pattern I have done so and so, but this or that does not happen. Keep the same grammatical structure in Kyrgyz.

Copyright¶

Keep the translation of copyright text consistent within the product being localized and across Kyrgyz versions.
Make no changes in copyright text until the English text is different.
A different Kyrgyz translation is a minor style error where the meaning is the same, and an accuracy error where the meaning changed.

Describing actions with UI items¶

Translate the English verb click as баскылоо with a noun in the objective case: (+) белгисин баскылоо
баскыч (button): басуу
желекче (checkbox): Желекчени орнотуу, алып салуу
шилтеме (link): Шилтеме берҥҥ, баскылоо
икон (icon): Иконду коюу
буйрук (command): Буйрук берҥҥ

Standard phrases in documentation¶

What do you want to do? -> (+) Эмнени аткарууну каалайсыз? or (+) Эмнени жасаганды каалайсыз
To … Press | Do this -> (+) Бул …, басыңыз
See also -> (+) дагы караңыз
For more information click [>>] -> (+) Кошумча маалымат алуу ҥчҥн [>>] баскылаңыз or (+) Кошумча маалымат алуу ҥчҥн [>>] шилтемесин баскылаңыз
For more information please refer to… -> (+) Кошумча маалыматтарды бул… караңыз