Unicode: a 0061, A 0041, b 0062, B 0042, ç 00e7, Æ 00c7, d 0064, D 0044, e 0065, E 0045, ä 00E4, Ä 00C4, f 0066, F 0046, g 0067, G 0047, h 0068, H 0048, i 0069, I 0049, j 006a, J 004a, ţ 017e, Ţ 017d, k 006b, K 004b, l 006c, L 004c, m 006d, M 004d, n 006e, N 004e, ň 0148, Ň 0147, o 006f, O 004f, ö 00f6, Ö 00d6, p 0070, P 0050, r 0072, R 0052, s 0073, S 0053, ş 015f, Ş 015e, t 0074, T 0054, u 0075, U 0055, ü 00fc, Ü 00dc, w 0077, W 0057, x 0078, X 0058, y 0079, Y 0059, ý 00fd, Ý 00dd, z 007a, Z 005a
Write upper-case and lower-case characters in alphabetical order.
Alphabetical order does not indicate sorting order.
Year ending: if the last digit is one of 1,2,3,4,5,7,8, or the last two digits are one of 20,50,70,80,00, the ending is -nji. Examples: 2008-nji, 1980-nji
Year ending: if the last digit is one of 6,9, or the last two digits are one of 10,30,40,60,90, the ending is -njy. Examples: 2009-njy, 1930-njy
Day ending: if the last digit is one of 1,2,3,4,5 or 8, the ending is -i. Example: 15-i
Day ending: if the last digit is one of 9,10 or 30, the ending is -y. Example: 9-y
Day ending: if the last digit is 6, the ending is -sy. Example: 6-sy
Day ending: if the last digit is one of 2,7 or 20, the ending is -si. Example: 27-si
Partial date format: yyyy ý. MMMM
Format codes: d = day, d digits without leading zero, dd digits with leading zero, ddd abbreviated day name, dddd full day name. M = month, M without leading zero, MM with leading zero, MMM abbreviated name, MMMM full name. y = year, yy two digits, yyyy four digits.
Capital and lower-case letters are equal. Make no distinction.
Æ, æ, Ø, ø, Å and å are separate letters of the alphabet. They are not equivalents of a or o.
Æ, ç, Ä, ä, Ţ, ţ, Ň, ň, Ö, ö, Ş, ş, Ü, ü and Ý, ý are letters of the Turkmen alphabet.
Other accented characters are not equal to non-accented characters.
Non-alphabetical characters, symbols such as @ ! #, sort before the letters of the alphabet.
Digits sort before non-alphabetical characters and before the letters of the alphabet.
Character sorting order: A, a {65,97}, B, b {66,98}, Æ, ç {199,231}, D, d {68,100}, E, e {69,101}, Ä, ä {196,228}, F, f {70,102}, G, g {71,103}, H, h {72,104}, I, i {73,105}, J, j {74,106}, Ţ, ţ {142,158}, K, k {75,107}, L, l {76,108}, M, m {77,109}, N, n {78,110}, Ň, ň {327,328), O, o {79,11}, Ö, ö {214,246}, P, p {80,112}, R, r {82,114}, S, s {83,115}, Ş, ş {350,351}, T, t {84,116}, U, u {85,117}, Ü, ü {220,252}, W, w {87,119}, Y, y {89,121}, Ý, ý {221,253}, Z, z {90,122}
Turkmen has no definite articles. Do not translate the.
English error messages vary in their use of articles, demonstratives and possessive pronouns. Stay consistent in Turkmen.
File already exists, The file already exists, This file already exists -> Faýl öňden bar. Replace Faýl with the file name when the source names a file: StyleGuide.doc öňden bar.
Not enough memory to complete this operation. -> Bu işi gutarmak üçin ýeterlik ýat ýok.
Not enough memory to complete installation. -> Gurnamany gutarmak üçin ýeterlik ýat ýok.
Where the source names an operation instead of this operation, use "Name of an operation"+(n)y/i gutarmak üçin ýeterlik ýat ýok.
Windows Vista cannot start your system. If the problem persists, contact your network administrator. -> Windows Vista sistemaňyzy başladyp bilenok.Eger problema dowam etse, tor administratoryňyz bilen habarlaşyň.
Use noun+(y)ňyzy/(i)ňizi instead of the possessive marker your.
+(n)y/i: if the last syllable holds one of a, o, u, y and the last letter is not a vowel, add y. Example: faýly
+(n)y/i: if the last syllable holds one of ä, e, ö, ü, i and the last letter is not a vowel, add i. Example: belligi
+(n)y/i: if the last letter is one of a, o, u, y, add ny. Example: gurnamany
+(n)y/i: if the last letter is one of ä, ö, ü, i, add ni. Example: Selbini
+(n)y/i: if the last letter is e, add äni. Example: täzelenme -> täzelenmäni
+(n)y/i: if the last letter is one of k, p, t, ç, change it: k->g, p->b, t->d, ç->j. Example: bellik -> belligi
noun+(y)ňyzy/(i)ňizi: if the last syllable holds one of a, o, u, y and the last letter is not a vowel, add yňyzy. Example: faýlyňyzy
noun+(y)ňyzy/(i)ňizi: if the last syllable holds one of ä, e, ö, ü, i and the last letter is not a vowel, add iňizi. Example: bellgiňizi
noun+(y)ňyzy/(i)ňizi: if the last letter is one of a, o, u, y, add ňyzy. Example: guramaňyzy
noun+(y)ňyzy/(i)ňizi: if the last letter is one of ä, e, ö, ü, i, add ňizi. Example: täzelenmäňizi
Use unlocalized product portfolio names without a hyphen and without an article in any language.
Treat non-translated product and feature names as proper nouns in Turkmen.
Windows Mail shares your Internet Connection settings with Internet Explorer -> Windows Mail siziň internet aragatnaşyk gurnalyşyňyzy internet ýolbeledi bilen paýlaşýar
Translated feature names take a definite or indefinite article. They are not proper names.
Hide the Task Manager when it is minimized -> Tabşyryk Dolandyryjyňyzy kiçeldilen wagty gizläň
Check for updates in your installed Media Player's language -> Gurnalan Göteriji Pleýeriňiziň diliniň täzelemelerini barlaň
Integrate English loan words into the Turkmen noun class system. Check motivation, analogy, and frequency. The internet may help.
Where the noun class is your choice, translate consistently within the product. Consult the translation team lead.
Delete it from server. -> Ony serwerden poz.
Enter a password to log into the server -> Serwere girmek üçin paroly ýaz.
DNS cannot resolve the server IP address -> SDA serweriň IP adresini çözüp bilenok
Verify the name of the server’s certificate -> Serweriň kepilnamasynyň adyny barla
If the first word of the source string is capitalized, capitalize the first word of the target. If it is not capitalized, do not capitalize the target, unless Turkmen rules require it.
Some strings are concatenated at run-time and seem to lack a subject or start mid-sentence. Do not start such strings with an upper-case letter, unless Turkmen spelling rules require it.
is trying to connect to this computer. If you allow, you will be disconnected, but you can resume later. Do you want to allow this connection?\r\n -> bu kompýutere baglanmaga synanyşýar. Eger rugsat berseňiz, siz baglanmany bilersiňiz ýöne soň dowam edip bilersiňiz. Siz bu baglanmaga rugsat berýaňizmi?\r\n
unknown software exception\r\n -> näbelli programma üpjünçiliginiň aýratynlygy\r\n
acquired -> alnan
Log off user -> Ulanyjy çykyşy
Edit... -> Düzelt
Do not mimic source capitalization. Apply Turkmen spelling conventions. Over-capitalization is awkward and makes the UI inconsistent.
Where a capitalized English noun becomes two words in Turkmen, capitalize both, or neither, or one. Stay consistent.
Do not capitalize every noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb and subordinate conjunction in headings as English does. Follow normal Turkmen capitalization rules. The same applies to software strings.
Switching Between Windows -> Penjireleri öz aralarynda geçirmek
Capitalize names of UI elements, commands, menus, dialog box titles, and program names. Capitalize only the first word. Examples: Arabaglanyşyk dolandyryjysy, Daşky gurşaw
Mark UI element names by font style, for example bold. Where that is impossible, enclose them in quotes.
Capitalize acronyms.
Capitalize proper names.
Capitalize all words in country and state names. Examples: Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary, Birleşen Milletler Guramasy
Capitalize all words in political names. Examples: Ýokary Gözegçilik, Türkmenistanyň Ministrler Kabineti
Do not capitalize month names and day names. Examples: awgust, sişenbe
Do not capitalize Web. Example: web baglanyşygy
Do not capitalize languages, nationalities, or adjectives from them. Examples: fransuz dilinde, rus dili
Capitalize product names, acronyms and trademarks in Turkmen headings.
Treat product names and non-translated feature names as proper nouns. Use them without definite or indefinite articles.
Never attach a genitive s to a trademarked product name. It reads as a modification of the name. Add to a product or component name with a hyphen or a periphrastic construction.
Microsoft’s products -> Microsoft products, Products by Microsoft
Never attach the Turkmen genitive yň/iň to a trademarked product name. Use a periphrastic construction.
There are several types of Internet protocols: -> İnternet protokolynyň birnäçe görnüşi bar:; - HTTP -> - HTTP; - FTP etc. -> - FTP we ş.m.
There are three forms of matter: -> Maddanyň tebigatda üç haly bar:; 1) solid -> 1) gaty; 2) fluid -> 2) suwuk; 3) gas -> 3) gaz
English uses three dash characters. Hyphen divides words between syllables, links parts of a compound word, and connects the parts of an inverted or imperative verb form. En dash serves as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after, and marks number ranges without spaces. Em dash emphasizes an isolated element or introduces an element that is not essential to the meaning.
Turkmen has only one kind of dash for all three.
Add no space before the ellipsis sign.
Use a comma as the decimal separator, not a period. Never use a space for it. A space separates the digit groups.
Keep the decimal separator and the abbreviation in for inches in paper sizes. The sizes are US norms.
5.25 cm -> 5.25 sm
5 x 7.2 inches -> 5 x 7.2 inç
Letter Landscape 11 x 8.5 in -> 11 x 8.5 in-lik hat ýatasy
Only one type of quotation mark. Example: “Maýkrosoft” kompaniýasy
No space between the parentheses and the text inside. Use parentheses as in US English. Example: Windows Mail habarnamalary (ugradylan we gelen hatlar)
Use a non-breaking space (CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR) in any abbreviation.
Where non-breaking spaces cannot be used, for example in Help files, write these abbreviations without a space, so one letter does not move to the start of the next line.
Translate verbs in error messages consistently. Omitting the predicate be is grammatical in Turkmen, so omit it in error messages. Stay consistent across all error messages. Be concise without changing the meaning.
Access was denied., Access denied. -> Ygtyýar berilenok. Do not translate word by word.
The application may attempt to convert the graphic. -> Programma grafikany öwürmäge synanyşdy. Verbs go at the end of the sentence. This rule always applies.
A problem occurred while trying to connect to the network share '%1!s!'. -> “%1!s!” bilelikde ulanylýan toruna birikdirilende näsazlyk ýüze çykdy. Plural: “%1!s!”bilelikde ulanylýan toruna birikdirilende näsazlyklar ýüze çykdy
The following error occurred: '%1!s!' (error #%2!lx!) -> Ýalňyş: “%1!s!”(ýalňyş#%2!x!). Plural: Ýalňyşlar
An unknown error has occurred./ No error occurred. -> Näbelli ýalňyş. Plural: Näbelli ýalňyşlar
Consistency and idiomaticity matter equally. The language reads as if originally written in Turkmen, with idiomatic syntax and terminology.
Keep terminological consistency high.
Fluency, readability and intelligibility are essential. Use Turkmen word order instead of translating word by word, as long as the key message carries.
Accessible products and services for people with disabilities, single-handed or with hearing or motion disabilities, may not exist in Turkmenistan. Remove those references from Turkmen text where necessary.
Acronyms are words made from the initial letters of the major parts of a compound term. Examples: WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), RAM (Random Access Memory)
Acronyms are widely used in Turkmen. Examples: HTML, PIN
Never put a generic term after an acronym or abbreviation if a letter in the acronym already stands for that term. Correct it in the localized version, even when the source has it.
Wrong: RPC call
Wrong: HTML language
Wrong: TCP/IP-Protocol
Wrong: PIN Number
Wrong: HTML dili
Wrong: PIN belgisi
In online help and documentation, spell out the words of an acronym on first use. Give the language-specific translation, the US term, and the acronym.
Examples: Maglumat Giriş Obýektleri (Data Access Objects, DAO), ActiveX Maglumat Obýektleri (ActiveX Data Objects, ADO)
In the UI there is rarely space for all three terms. Only wizards allow spelling out and localizing on first mention. With space constraints or no first occurrence, judge whether to leave the acronym as is or spell it out.
Never create a new acronym from the language-specific translated term. Leave the English acronym or abbreviation intact: DLL stays DLL, DPI stays DPI.
Application Initialization DLL -> DLL goşmaça başlamagy
DPI Scaling -> DPI masştablaşdyrma
Many standardized abbreviations and acronyms stay untranslated. Add the full English spelling only where the acronym needs explaining. Where the acronym is common, the spelled-out form only confuses users, so use the acronym alone.
Do not localize or spell out: ANSI (American National Standards Institute), ISO (International Standards Organization), ISDN, DOS, DSL, CD, DVD
Fictitious content is legally sensitive. Never create your own fictitious names. Use the source names or the list of legally approved names.
Ask the product team about fictitious companies, names, addresses, email addresses and phone numbers, and whether localized fictitious content is required.
Standardized translations sit under these topics: the importance of standardization, standard phrases in error messages, standard phrases in documentation, copyright notice.
Establish the context and exact function of a UI item before translating it. Use every available resource: Instructions, Resource ID, String ID, and sometimes Previous Source and Term Note.
Do not address the user directly in checkbox and radio button text. A personal pronoun such as you, vous, Sie is a rare choice there.
Use checkboxes and radio buttons as in US English.
A checkbox can be selected or deselected. A radio button can be selected or deselected. Within a list, one selected radio button excludes all others.
No period at the end of checkbox and radio button text. Keep the period if the source has it and the string is a complete sentence. Add a period if the target string is a complete and complex or long sentence, with sub-clauses or over several lines.
I accept the license terms. -> Men ygtyýarlygyň şertnamasyny kabul edýärin.
I accept this agreement. -> Men bu ylalaşygy kabul edýärin.
Confirm file format conversion on open -> Faýl formatynyň özgerilşigini açylyşda tassykla
Do not phrase the same message differently. Use one standard translation.
A status bar message informs about the active document, a selected command, or any active or selected interface item. It shows in the status bar at the bottom of the window. It refers to actions being performed or already complete.
Menu and command status bar messages follow this format.
Edit menu -> Düzelt; Contains editing commands -> Düzeltmek üçin degişli buýruklary özünde saklaýar
Copy to Folder... menu -> Şu Bukja Göçür; Copies the selected items to a new location -> Saýlanan bölekleri täze bir ýere göçürer
New command -> Täze; Creates a new document -> Täze bir resminama döreder
Make object visible? -> Obýekt görünýän bolsunmy?
Word is converting the document. Press Esc to stop. -> Word bu resminamany öwürýär. Duruzmak üçin Esc basyň.
Datasheet View -> Maglumat Tablisasyny Görkez
Done -> Ýerine ýetirildi
Use one standard translation where the source phrases the same meaning differently.
Press F1 to get Help, If you want Help press F1, To get Help press F1 -> Kömegi çagyrmak üçin F1-e basyň
Not enough memory, Insufficient memory, There is not enough memory -> Ýeterlik ýat ýok
Save changes to %1?, Do you want to save changes to %1? -> Üýtgeşmeleri %1+e/a/ä ýazmalymy?
If the last syllable of %1 holds any of a,o,u,y and the last letter is not a vowel, use %1+a. Example: Üýtgeşmeleri faýla ýazmalymy?
If the last syllable of %1 holds any of ä,ö,ü,i,e and the last letter is not a vowel, use %1+e. Example: Üýtgeşmeleri diske ýazmalymy?
If %1 ends with one of the vowels a,o,u,y, use %1+a. Example: Üýtgeşmeleri bukja ýazmalymy?
If %1 ends with one of the vowels ä,ö,ü,i,e, use %1+ä. Example: könä
An error message tells the user an error must be corrected for the program to keep running. It may prompt an action or report an error that requires rebooting the computer.
Keep terminology and language style consistent across localized error messages. Do not translate as they appear in the source.
Standardize standard phrases. The source uses different forms for the same thing. Use one standard phrase for error messages with the same meaning and purpose.
Cannot, Could not: File could not be found, File cannot be found -> Verb+mady/medi. Example: Faýl tapylmady
Failed to …, Failure of …: Failed to connect, Failure to connect -> Verb+yp/ip bilmedi. Example: Baglanyp bilmedi
Cannot find …, Could not find …, Unable to find …, Unable to locate …: Cannot find driver software, Could not find driver software, Unable to find driver software, Unable to locate driver software -> … tapylmady. Example: Programma üpjinçiliginiň draýweri tapylmady
Not enough memory, Insufficient memory, There is not enough memory, There is not enough memory available -> Ýeterlik ýat ýok
... is not available, ... is unavailable: The command is not available, The command is unavailable -> … elýeterli däl. Example: Buýruk elýeterli däl
verb+mady/medi: if the last syllable of the verb is one of a, o, u, y, use verb+mady. Example: tapylmady
verb+mady/medi: if the last syllable of the verb is one of ä, e, i, ö, ü, use verb+medi. Example: baglanyp bilmedi
verb+yp/ip bilmedi: if the last syllable of the verb is one of a, o, u, y, use verb+yp/ip bilmedi. Example: baglanyp bilmedi
verb+yp/ip bilmedi: if the last syllable of the verb is one of ä, e, i, ö, ü, use verb+yp/ip bilmedi. Example: iberip bilmedi
Find out what replaces a placeholder, so the sentence stays grammatical after replacement. Most source strings carry instructions that detail the replacement text.
%d minute(s) remaining (3 minute(s) remaining) -> %d minut galdy (3 minut galdy)
The disk in drive %c: cannot be formatted. (The disk in drive C: cannot be formatted.) -> %c sürüjisindäki disk: formatlap bolanok. (C sürüjisindäki disk: formatlap bolanok.)
In the English source, placeholders sit where they naturally occur in English. English numerals precede the noun, so numeral placeholders precede the noun in source strings.
in %d days -> %d günde
%d minutes -> % minut
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means a number, such as 3 or 512 -> %d, %ld, %u, we %lu, Sanlar (3 ýa 513 ýaly)
%c means a letter, such as f or s -> %c, Harp (“f” ýa “s” ýaly)
%s means a string, such as Click here to continue. -> %s, Setir (“Dowam etmek üçin şu ýere basyň.” ýaly)
“Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!” (“Checking Web <number> of <number>”) -> “%1!d!-nj(y)i toruň %2!d!-syny/sini barlaýar” (“<number>-nj(y)i toruň <number>-jysyny/jisini barlaýar”)
Where the language has agreement between adjective and noun and the noun is a placeholder, find the exact string so a preceding adjective inflects correctly.
Most source strings already avoid modifying a placeholder with an adjective. Where the language has syntactic agreement between noun subject and verb, reword the translation to avoid an ungrammatical sentence.
%s already exists (File already exists, Name already exists) -> %s öňden bar (Faýl öňden bar., At öňden bar.)
%s is now set as your personal contact. (Regina is now set as your personal contact, Mr. Kim is now set as your personal contact) -> %s häzir şahsy kontaktyňyzy düziň. (Regina häzir şahsy kontaktyňyzy düziň, Jenap Kim häzir şahsy kontaktyňyzy düziň)
%s stopped working and was closed (The application stopped working and was closed, The program stopped working and was closed) -> %s işlemesini goýdy we ýapyldy (Goşmaça işlemesini goýdy we ýapyldy., Programma işlemesini goýdy we ýapyldy.)
Underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes are access keys, also called hot keys. They run commands and perform tasks faster.
Hot keys are key combinations such as ALT+F or Ctrl+S that move focus to a menu, command, or control without the mouse.
Slim characters, i, l, t, r, f, allowed as hot keys. Examples: Faýl bukjalarynda ulgam faýllaryny gözlände indeks ulanma, Täze oýun
Characters with downstrokes, g, j, y, p, q, not allowed. The hot key underline is hard to see.
Extended characters allowed. Example: Görkeziş
An additional letter after the item name, in brackets or not: not allowed. Example: Option w / Option (w)
A number after the item name, in brackets or not: not allowed. Example: Option 3 / Option (3)
A punctuation sign after the item name, in brackets or not: not allowed. Example: Option > / Option (>)
English chapter titles usually begin with How to …, Working with … or Using ….
Titles carry as much information as possible about the text that follows, so readers locate information quickly.
Where the English title begins with a gerund, use a nominalized form in Turkmen.
Sending a file -> Faýly ugratmak
Using Styles -> Stilleri ulanmak
Do not capitalize every noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb and subordinate conjunction in headings as English does. Follow normal Turkmen capitalization rules. The same applies to software strings.
Capitalize product names, acronyms and trademarks in Turkmen headings.
Switching Between Windows -> Penjireleri öz aralarynda geçirmek
Keep titles of lists and tables to one or two words, preferably active nouns. Keep them concise, even where the original heading uses a longer phrase.